The scenario drivers

The vertical axis in Fig. 1 contrasts the potential ways in which science and scientists are organized and rewarded in society. We distinguished two possible dominant scientific cultures: 'entrepreneurial science' and 'vocational science'. In the entrepreneurial culture, the key reason for (and the criteria for the evaluation of) the pharmaceutical sciences is the provision of knowledge to develop and market new drugs. By contrast, in the vocational culture, science is seen mainly as a civic virtue, independent and curiosity-driven, with the goal of elucidating scientific questions.

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