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Novel vaccine vectors for HIV-1

Nature Reviews Microbiology volume 12, pages 765–771 (2014)Cite this article

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A Corrigendum to this article was published on 12 October 2017

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Abstract

The ultimate solution to the global HIV-1 epidemic will probably require the development of a safe and effective vaccine. Multiple vaccine platforms have been evaluated in preclinical and clinical trials, but given the disappointing results of clinical efficacy studies so far, novel vaccine approaches are needed. In this Opinion article, we discuss the scientific basis and clinical potential of novel adenovirus and cytomegalovirus vaccine vectors for HIV-1 as two contrasting but potentially complementary vector approaches. Both of these vector platforms have demonstrated partial protection against stringent simian immunodeficiency virus challenges in rhesus monkeys using different immunological mechanisms.

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Figure 1: Partial protection against acquisition of SIVmac251 and SHIV–SF162P3 infection by Ad26-based vaccines.
Figure 2: Unique efficacy of RhCMV/SIV vector vaccination against rectal mucosal challenge with the highly pathogenic SIVmac239 virus.

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  • 12 October 2017

    On page 768 of the article, the text has been changed to clarify that all vaccinated and control animals were challenged until documentation of SIV infection by virological and/or immunological criteria. Furthermore, on page 768, the text has been changed to specify both the number of vaccinated controllers shown in Figure 2 after intrarectal challenge as well as the number of controllers after both intrarectal and intravaginal challenge. Finally, the legend of Figure 2 has been changed to clarify that the graph shows intrarectal SIVmac239 challenge of monkeys that have either been vaccinated twice with a strain 68-1 RhCMV/SIV vector (week 0 and week 14; n = 36) or once with these vectors (week 0) and were then vaccinated at week 14 with Ad5 vectors (n = 12). Changes have been made to both the HTML and PDF versions of the article. The authors apologize to readers for any confusion caused.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA, and the Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.,

    Dan H. Barouch

  2. Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, 97006, Oregon, USA

    Louis J. Picker

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  1. Dan H. Barouch
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  2. Louis J. Picker
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dan H. Barouch.

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Competing interests

L.J.P and Oregon Health and Science University (OHSU) have a significant financial interest in TomegaVax, Inc., which is a company that may have a commercial interest in the results of this research and technology. The potential individual and institutional conflicts of interest have been reviewed and managed by OHSU. D.H.B. is a named co-inventor on various vector and antigen patents.

PowerPoint slides

Glossary

Anamnestic response

The enhanced immune response that occurs against an antigen as a result of previous host exposure to a related antigen.

CD46

A ubiquitously expressed type-1 transmembrane protein that functions to regulate complement. It functions as a receptor for vaccine strains of measles virus and some adenovirus serotypes.

Central memory T cell

(TCM cell). An antigen-experienced resting T cell that expresses cell surface receptors that are required for homing to secondary lymphoid organs. These cells are generally long-lived and can function as the precursors for effector T cells during recall responses.

Coxsackie and adenovirus receptor

(CAR). An immunoglobulin-like transmembrane cell adhesion protein that is used by some coxsackievirus and adenovirus species as a receptor.

Effector memory T cell

(TEM cell). An antigen-experienced T cell that maintains effector differentiation, resides in, or expresses cell surface receptors that are required for homing to, extra-lymphoid effector sites and that has limited expansion potential.

Elite controller

A patient infected with HIV whose immune system can limit viral RNA to below 50 copies per ml for at least 12 months in the absence of highly active antiretroviral therapy.

Heterologous prime–boost

Repeated immunization using different vaccines; it is used to stimulate a better immune response.

Neutralizing antibodies

Antibodies that block infectivity (for example, of a virus), usually by binding to the foreign particle (the virion) and incapacitating it in some way.

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Barouch, D., Picker, L. Novel vaccine vectors for HIV-1. Nat Rev Microbiol 12, 765–771 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro3360

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