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Bladder cancer

Defining intermediate-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer

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The pathology of intermediate-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer is less well-defined than both high-risk and low-risk presentations of this disease. Recently reported guidelines seek to aid clinicians in classification of intermediate-risk patients, and also provide treatment recommendations for this subgroup.

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Correspondence to S. Bruce Malkowicz.

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The author declares no competing financial interests.

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Malkowicz, S. Defining intermediate-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Nat Rev Urol 11, 430–432 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrurol.2014.172

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