Volume 23 Issue 2, February 2026

Use of spatial transcriptomics has helped to create a functional map of cellular organization in the healthy and tumoural human prostate, creating new opportunities for understanding age-related prostatic diseases.

In this Review the authors describe current knowledge on cellular plasticity in the bladder urothelium, emphasizing its role in bladder repair and tumorigenesis, and explore the molecular mechanisms of urothelial plasticity and discuss its potential as a novel therapeutic target for bladder-related diseases.

Sexually transmitted infections are associated with dermatological visual manifestations. This Review provides a comprehensive overview of cutaneous manifestations of sexually transmitted infections in men, with the aim of providing an up-to-date resource to help urologists and primary care physicians in the recognition and management of these visual cues.

In this Review the authors explore the emerging role of HER2 in urothelial carcinoma, highlighting its biological and clinical significance, the challenges of using HER2 as a biomarker, and the variability and complexity of HER2 assessment. Evidence supporting HER2-targeted therapies and future directions for research and clinical applications are also discussed.

Despite affecting 30–50% of sexually active women, female sexual dysfunction (FSD) goes undiagnosed and untreated in many women owing to the stigma associated with sexual health, insufficient awareness and restricted access to specialized medical care. In this Review, experts in the field discuss the treatments currently available to treat FSD — including hypoactive sexual desire disorder, female sexual arousal disorder, female orgasmic disorder and female genitopelvic pain disorders — and consider the new approaches that are currently in development.