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Telesurgery, also known as remote surgery, has emerged as a revolutionary paradigm in urology. The use of telesurgery and its applications in urological procedures is characterized by lights and shadows that challenge surgeons and international surgical societies to regulate this promising field.
In this Review, the authors discuss current immunotherapy, targeted therapy and gene therapy and propose a synergistic model of combination therapy for prostate cancer, which could enhance the effectiveness of these treatments.
Here, the authors describe current understanding of the pathophysiology of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome and potential clinical phenotyping based on clinical examinations. They propose a rational algorithm for concomitant multimodal therapy that could help physicians to select appropriate multimodal treatment strategies.
This Review discusses the association between semen parameters and men’s overall health, describing how these parameters can be influenced by lifestyle and environmental changes. Semen analysis is also presented as a potential tool to motivate men to undertake lifestyle changes to improve their reproductive and overall health.
Testosterone replacement therapy is commonly used to treat symptomatic, laboratory-proven testosterone deficiency, but can have detrimental effects on spermatogenesis, which is troublesome in men of reproductive age. This Review describes therapeutic options for testosterone deficiency in the reproductive-aged males, discussing medical therapies with the potential to preserve or restore spermatogenesis in selected patients receiving testosterone replacement therapy.
