Table 3 Classification of surface types and corresponding\(\,{k}_{s}\) and \({\rm{Cs}}\)

From: Numerical simulation of spatial wind fields in Xumishan Grottoes over complex terrain

 

Type

\({z}_{o}\) (m)

\({k}_{s}\) (m)

\({\rm{C}}{\rm{s}}\)

I

Sea/estuary

0.0002

0.0039

0.5

II

Grass land

0.03

0.59

0.5

III

Spread-out built environment

0.5

1.25

3.92

IV

Clumps of forest

1

1.25

7.83