Fig. 5: Image inpainting results using CAUGAN model.

Note: This 3 × 3 grid illustrates the systematic workflow for mural inpainting. Each row displays three stages of the same mural segment: a Original Image—the mural with natural degradation and damage, b Masked Image—regions with structural defects highlighted by white overlays, and c Our Results–the inpainting outcomes generated using the CAUGAN model.