Fig. 8: Proposal for the construction of the Great Pyramid.

Sequence in 15 steps. Top: top view. Bottom: Side view. Blue: Mantle masonry, i.e., masonry lifted by peripheral pulley-like systems on the pyramid faces. Red: Core masonry, i.e., masonry lifted by pulley-like systems in the pyramid core, mainly in the vertical shaft axis of the Antechamber. Darker and brighter colors correspond to lower and higher height structures, respectively. Known internal volumes are shown in black, including a ramp at the approximate location of ScanPyramids’ big void. The side views are shown in section along a North–South axis at ~7 m East from the center (arrowheads in step 0). For clarity, the side views (steps 1–10) show the South half of the pyramid shaded, as the masonry is ~7 m further to the West than the section (see top views). For further clarity, the background is kept white (steps 0–12) though the bedrock naturally defines the lowest level indicated by dark blue North-East corner (rock) in step 0 and step 12. Step 2: *Masonry is illustrated here with sharp borders, but was likely tapered. **Masonry in the center of the pyramid faces and/or at any intermediate position of pulley-like systems was sharp, as the pulley-like systems needed a rather vertical face to lift blocks. For a step-by-step description of the building process, see “Proposal for how the Great Pyramid of Giza was built”.