Table 4 Associations between child KIDMED index and data-driven dietary patterns with adolescent weight-related outcomes, within all six cohorts.

From: Dietary patterns among European children and their association with adiposity-related outcomes: a multi-country study

 

zBMI (n = 560)

Fat mass proportion (n = 547)

Waist-to-height ratio (n = 561)

 

High

Average

Low

High

Average

Low

High

Average

Low

 

β (95%CI)

KIDMED dietary pattern

Ref.

−0.01

(−0.47; 0.38)

−0.05(−0.31; 0.27)

Ref.

−0.12(−2.83; 2.59)

0.03(−4.27; 4.33)

Ref.

0.00(−0.01; 0.02)

0.00 (−0.02; 0.02)

“Meat pattern”

Ref.

0.10

(−0.17; 0.36)

0.11

(−0.16; 0.39)

Ref.

0.13

(−2.21; 2.47)

0.85

(−1.56; 3.26)

Ref.

0.00

(−0.01; 0.01)

0.00

(−0.01; 0.01)

“Dairy pattern”

Ref.

−0.19

(−0.48; 0.10)

−0.16

(−0.45; 0.13)

Ref.

−1.31

(−3.72; 1.10)

−1.06

(−3.52; 1.41)

Ref.

−0.00

(−0.02; 0.01)

−0.01

(−0.02; 0.00)

“Western pattern”

−0.18

(−0.47; 0.11)

0.12

(−0.16; 0.39)

Ref.

−2.05

(−4.44; 0.34)

1.05

(−1.30; 3.40)

Ref.

−0.02

(−0.03; −0.00)

−0.00

(−0.02; 0.01)

Ref.

“Healthy pattern”

Ref.

0.07

(−0.20; 0.34)

0.28

(0.01; 0.55)

Ref.

0.92

(−1.46; 3.29)

2.35

(0.14; 4.84)

Ref.

0.01

(−0.01; 0.02)

0.02

(0.01; 0.03)

“Sweets and fats pattern”

−0.07

(−0.34; 0.21)

−0.11

(−0.39; 0.17)

Ref.

−1.42

(−3.96; 1.13)

−1.43

(−3.79; 0.92)

Ref.

−0.01

(−0.02; 0.00)

−0.01

(−0.02; 0.01)

Ref.

  1. All models were adjusted for cohort, adolescent age, sex, child sedentary behavior, family affluence score, maternal age, smoking during pregnancy, and education. Statistically significant values are highlighted in bold type (p < 0.05).
  2. CI confidence intervals, zBMI body mass index z-score, Ref. reference category.
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