Fig. 2
From: Isolation methods of exosomes derived from dental stem cells
Most utilized exosome isolation approaches. Traditional techniques for exosome isolation comprise differential ultracentrifugation (DUC) and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). DUC focuses on the separation of exosomes through incrementally increasing centripetal acceleration. SEC employs biofluids as a mobile phase in conjunction with a porous stationary phase, allowing for the differential elution of molecules based on an inverse relationship with their size – specifically, larger particles elute prior to smaller ones, which, upon entering the pores, traverse a longer path resulting in extended elution times. Precipitation utilizes a solution to promote the formation of a polymer-encapsulated vesicle aggregate in substantial quantities. Immunoaffinity capture employs antibodies that target exosomal surface proteins, facilitating the isolation of specific vesicle subpopulations. The microfluidics approach utilizes chips designed for specific antibody-mediated interactions to efficiently capture exosomes. Ultrafiltration operates on the principle of using a filter with a defined pore size, resulting in a vesicle-rich filtrate tailored to the desired dimensions
