Fig. 3: Topology plots of top-enriched pathways at age 4, associated with PM10.

The Y-axis represents the negative logarithm of the p-value (base 10 logarithm) derived from the enrichment analysis. The X-axis indicates the structural impact of PM10-associated metabolites within the enriched pathways, calculated based on the cumulative importance of all significant metabolites in the pathway. The bubble size reflects the impact value, while the bubble color indicates the significance of the enrichment.