Table 1 Cohort characteristics.

From: Golden hour management of infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia: 15 year experience at a high-volume center

Characteristics

n(%), Mean ± SD, Median (IQR)

 

All

2008–2023

(N = 454)

Epoch 1

2008–2013

(N = 106)

Epoch 2

2014–2018

(N = 156)

Epoch 3

2019–2023

(N = 192)

Sex

(Male)

264

(58.1%)

60

(56.6%)

91

(58.3%)

113

(58.9%)

CDH side (Left)

379

(83.5%)

90

(84.9%)

131

(84.0%)

158

(82.3%)

Liver position (Up)

298

(65.6%)

69

(65.1%)

101

(64.7%)

128

(66.7%)

LHR

N = 444

0.93

(0.72, 1.21)

N = 102

1.00

(0.80, 1.21)

N = 154

0.95

(0.75, 1.20)

N = 188

0.85

(0.66, 1.21)

O/E LHRa,b

(%)

N = 387

39.0

(29.0, 48.2)

N = 60

40.0

(34.0, 47.3)

N = 150

39.0

(29.0, 49.8)

N = 189

37.1

(28.1, 48.1)

Gestational age at time of imaging

(weeks)

23.7

(22.0, 27.9)

23.5

(22.1, 28.4)

23.4

(22.0, 27.7)

24.2

(22.1, 27.7)

Mode of delivery

(vaginal)

233

(51.3%)

54

(50.9%)

74

(47.4%)

105

(54.7%)

Gestational age at birth

(weeks)

38.8

(37.6, 39.4)

38.8

(37.5, 39.4)

38.8

(37.8, 39.4)

38.7

(37.7, 39.4)

Birthweight

(grams)

3040

(2740, 3370)

3010

(2760, 3270)

3070

(2810, 3430)

3040

(2690, 3370)

Off hours delivery (5 pm-8 am or weekends)

260

(57.3%)

56

(52.8%)

89

(57.1%)

115

(59.9%)

FETO

12

(2.6%)

0

(0%)

5

(3.2%)

7

(3.6%)

  1. FETO fetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion, IQR interquartile range, LHR lung to head ratio, O/E observed/expected, SD standard deviation.
  2. aIf N not presented, then available for all.
  3. bFor O/E LHR, trace method used when available, otherwise anterior/posterior (AP).
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