Fig. 1: Principle and design of PHRI for remote pulse diagnosis.

a Concept of remote pulse diagnosis. b Principle of electroosmotic flow. c Structure and exploded view of PHRI. d Top view and output position of a PHRI. e An optical photograph of the electrode layer and via holes in the electrode layer of the electroosmotic hydraulic actuator. f Side view of electroosmotic hydraulic actuator prototype