Fig. 4: Mendelian randomization results by using the inverse-variance weighted approach for estimating the causal effects of childhood maltreatment on 16 high burden diseases.

There are six panels for six types of childhood maltreatment in which a panel shows a type of childhood maltreatment. The x axis is the Mendelian randomization effect size of childhood maltreatment on disease by using the inverse-variance weighted approach, and the y axis represents the diseases. The squares are point estimates for Mendelian randomization effect size (β_IVW), and error bars are 95% confidence intervals, which are clipped to arrows when they exceed the limit of x-axis. Different colors were used to distinguish the results for different types of childhood maltreatment. *: indicates the P-value < 0.05. **: indicates the P-value < 0.0026 (Bonferroni corrected significance level = 0.05/19 = 0.0026).