Fig. 2: Main findings in human studies of the cholinergic system in schizophrenia relative to controls.
From: Cholinergic system in schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Each panel displays a visual summary in the form of brain maps with corresponding tables, highlighting the main findings from the systematic review [55, 56]. Panel a) shows in vivo neuroimaging evidence. Panels b) and d) display findings on post-mortem muscarinic receptors and mRNA, respectively. Panel c) highlights findings on post-mortem nicotinic receptors as well as mRNA. k = #: # of studies represented in the panel. ↑ Higher in schizophrenia relative to controls, ↓ Lower in schizophrenia relative to controls, ~ No group difference, 6–46 Brodmann Areas #, FC Frontal Cortex, PC Parietal Cortex, CC Cingulate Cortex, ACC Anterior Cingulate Cortex, PCC Posterior Cingulate Cortex, TC Temporal cortex, STG Superior Temporal Gyrus, OC Occipital Cortex, Cau Caudate, Put Putamen, Str Striatum (caudate/putamen), Tha Thalamus, Hip Hippocampus, Ms Muscarinic receptors (combined subtypes), M# Muscarinic receptor subtype #, Ns Nicotinic receptors (combined subtypes), α# α nicotinic receptor subunit/subtype #, β2 β2 nicotinic receptor subunits, vAChT Vesicular Acetylcholine Transporters. *Confounds, including a large smoking and age mismatch between groups, render findings inconclusive.
