Fig. 3: The PPR, as represented in this schema, has several workstreams that need to be initiated, coordinated, and integrated for the effective development of a more quantitative and biology-informed diagnostic framework.

Implementation and operational delivery of a continuously evolving biology-informed diagnostic framework requires global alignment on principles and procedures and building consensus on the predictive validity of the new biology-informed findings to improve patient stratification and treatment. This framework will evolve based on scientific innovations in research and development and clinical implementation and will involve acceptance by professional organizations. Indeed, implementation of this biology-informed framework will require stakeholder engagement at all stages to deliver precision diagnostic and treatments for mental disorders. Stakeholders include patients and patient-family organisations, representatives from broad research initiatives in psychiatric disorders (such as the FNIH led AMP® SCZ initiative [23]), professional organisations (such as the International College of Neuropsychopharmacology CINP, the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology ACNP, the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology ECNP, the European Psychiatric Association EPA, funders, representatives from industry (such as big pharma and small and medium-sized enterprises) and regulatory bodies, health care professionals and educators, among others.