Fig. 3: Drug-target MR estimates of GIPR and GLP1R agonism on alcohol consumption outcomes.

This figure presents Mendelian Randomization (MR) estimates assessing the effects of GIPR, GLP1R, and dual GIPR/GLP1R agonism on Problematic Alcohol Use, self-reported binge drinking behavior, and drinks per week. Results are shown separately for genetically proxied reductions in BMI and HbA1c levels, two primary mechanisms through which these agonists exert their clinical effects. Beta values and 95% confidence intervals (CI) are displayed, with MR estimates derived from biomarker (BMI or HbA1c) data using the primary and replication data sources outlined in the Methods and Table 1. GIPR glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor, GLP1R Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor, HbA1c glycated hemoglobin, BMI body mass index, CI confidence interval.