Fig. 5

Pkm2 deficiency in IECs significantly reduced the pro-survival Wnt/β-catenin signaling. a Alteration of gene expression in Pkm2^−/− mouse IECs compared to that in fl/fl mouse IECs on day 3 post DSS treatment. b Selected genes that were altered in Pkm2^−/− mouse IECs compared to that in fl/fl mouse IECs on day 3 post DSS treatment. c Gene ontology gene analysis in fl/fl and Pkm2^−/− mouse IECs. In red were pathways enriched in Pkm2^−/− IECs. d WB analysis of levels of various proteins associated with Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. e Distribution and level of β-catenin and phosphorylated β-catenin (Y675) in Pkm2^−/− or fl/fl mouse IECs on day 3 post DSS treatment. f  Under the stimulation of Wnt3a, cross-IP and cross-blot of PKM2 and β-catenin in IEC-6 cells using anti-β-catenin and anti-PKM2 antibodies, respectively. Immunoprecipitation using normal IgG served as controls. g β-Catenin levels in IEC-6 cells treated with Pkm2 siRNA or Pkm2 inhibitor/activator in the presence of 10% serum from colitic mice. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM from three independent experiments and p values are determined by the Student’s t test. ***p < 0.001; **p < 0.01; *p < 0.05; n.s. not significant