Log in or create a free account to read this content
Gain free access to this article, as well as selected content from this journal and more on nature.com
or
References
Kanter, S. L. What is academic medicine? Acad. Med. 83, 205–206 (2008).
Saha, S. & Shipman, S. A. The Rationale for Diversity in the Health Professions: A Review of the Evidence (US Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources Administration, Bureau of Health Professions, Rockville, 2006).
Saha, S. Taking diversity seriously: the merits of increasing minority representation in medicine. JAMA Intern. Med. 174, 291–292 (2013).
Smedley, B. D., Stith, A. Y. & Nelson, A. R. (ed.). Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care. Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Understanding and Eliminating Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care (National Academies Press (US), Washington, 2003).
Milem, J. F., Chang, M. J. & Antonio, A. L. Making Diversity Work on Campus: A Research-Based Perspective (Association of American Colleges and Universities, Washington, 2005).
Gurin, P. The compelling need for diversity in higher education: expert testimony in Gratz et al. v. Bollinger et al. Mich. J. Race Law 5, 363–425 (1999).
Gurin, P., Dey, E. L. & Hurtado, G. G. Diversity and higher education: theory and impact on educational outcomes. Harv. Educ. Rev. 72, 330–66. (2002).
Valentine, H. A. & Collins, F. S. National Institutes of Health addresses the science of diversity. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 112, 12240–12242 (2015).
Dore, R. A., Hoffman, K. M., Lillard, A. S. & Trawalter, S. Children’s racial bias in perceptions of others’ pain. Br. J. Dev. Psychol. 32, 218–231 (2014).
Dasgupta, N. Implicit ingroup favoritism, outgroup favoritism, and their behavioral manifestations. Soc. Justice Res. 17, 143–169 (2004).
Dasgupta, N. Implicit attitudes and beliefs adapt to situations: a decade of research on the malleability of implicit prejudice, stereotypes, and the self-concept. Adv. Exp. Soc. Psychol. 47, 233–279 (2013).
Dasgupta, N. & Greenwald, A. G. On the malleability of automatic attitudes: combating automatic prejudice with images of admired and disliked individuals. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 81, 800–814 (2001).
Association of American Medical Colleges Faculty Roster. Diversity in Medicine: Facts and Figures 2019. https://www.aamc.org/data-reports/workforce/interactive-data/figure-15-percentage-full-time-us-medical-school-faculty-race/ethnicity-2018.
Ackerman-Barger, K., Boatright, D., Gonzalez-Colaso, R., Orozco, R. & Latimore, D. Seeking inclusion excellence: understanding racial microaggressions as experienced by underrepresented medical and nursing students. Acad. Med. 95, 758–763 (2020).
Dixon, G. et al. Factors that influence the choice of academic pediatrics by underrepresented minorities. Pediatrics.144 (2019).
Rodríguez, J. E., Campbell, K. M. & Pololi, L. H. Addressing disparities in academic medicine: what of the minority tax? BMC Med. Educ. 15, 6 (2015).
Cyrus, K. D. A piece of my mind: medical education and the minority tax. JAMA 317, 1833–1834 (2017).
Mendoza, F. et al. Diversity and inclusion training in Pediatric Departments. Pediatrics 135, https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2014-1653 (2015).
Hoffman, K. M., Trawalter, S., Axt, J. R. & Oliver, M. N. Racial bias in pain assessment and treatment recommendations, and false beliefs about biological differences between blacks and whites. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 113, 4296–4301 (2016).
Villarosa, L. How false beliefs in physical racial difference still live in medicine today. 144, e20182759. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/08/14/magazine/racial-differences-doctors.html (2019).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
L.R.W.-H. conceptualized the manuscript; J.L.W. developed the outline and content areas; L.R.W.-H, J.L.W., C.W.B., K.D.H.-M., and J.L.R. contributed content to the manuscript; L.R.W.-H and J.L.W. reviewed and revised the manuscript; and all authors reviewed and approved the revised manuscript as submitted and agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Walker-Harding, L.R., Bogue, C.W., Hendricks-Munoz, K.D. et al. “Challenges and opportunities in academic medicine” APS racism series: at the intersection of equity, science, and social justice. Pediatr Res 88, 699–701 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-020-01132-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-020-01132-8
This article is cited by
-
The new APS: lingering lessons
Pediatric Research (2022)
-
Achieving equity through science and integrity: dismantling race-based medicine
Pediatric Research (2022)
