Table 2 Detailed interventions and respiratory status of the infants at the time of CC in the examined groups.
From: Umbilical cord management in newborn resuscitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
First author and year of publication | Timing of CC | Required resuscitation | Respiratory status | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Timing of CC in the intervention group: planned; actual, (s) | Timing of CC in the control group: planned; actual, (s) | Deviation from the planned timing of CC in the intervention group, (%) | Deviation from the planned timing of CC in the control group, (%) | Type of required resuscitation in the intervention group | Type of required resuscitation in the control group | Deviation from the allocated intervention in the intervention group, (%) | Deviation from the allocated intervention in the control group, (%) | Spontaneous breathing babies before CC in the intervention group, (%) | Spontaneous breathing babies before CC in the control group, (%) | |
Andersson et al.30 | DCC > 180; 187 [42–195] | ECC < 60; 25 [11–40] | NA | None | Bag and mask ventilation | Bag and mask ventilation | None | None | NA time to regular breathing (s): 78 [67–155] | NA time to regular breathing (s): 356 [98–389] |
Finn et al.29 | DCC at 60 | ICC < 20 | None | None | Vast majority received CPAP (or more) | Vast majority received CPAP (or more) | 14% Did not receive ICR | None | Spontaneous respirations at 60 s: 85,7% | Spontaneous respirations at 60 s: 66.7% |
Katheria et al.31 | DCC at 60; appr. 65 | DCC at 60; appr. 65 | 5% Received ECC | 5% Received ECC | CPAP only (44%), PPV (59%), intubation (36%) | CPAP only (NA), PPV (69%), intubation (44%) | NA | NA | CS: 92%, vaginal delivery: 100%, all: 93% | CS: 90%, vaginal delivery: 84.61%, all: 89% |
Knol et al.33 | PBCC (CC when HR > 100 bpm and SpO2 > 90% while using FiO2 < 40%); 349 ± 157 | DCC at 30–60; 62 ± 30 | None | None | CPAP (90%), PPV (70%), intubation (5%) | CPAP (100%), PPV (58.8%), intubation (0%) | 10% Did not receive ICR | None | NA time to stabilization (regular spontaneous breathing, HR ≥ 100 bpm, SpO2 > 90% while FiO2 < 0,4) (s): ITT: 354 ± 147, as treated: 325 ± 95 | NA time to stabilization (regular spontaneous breathing, HR ≥ 100, SpO2 > 90 while FiO2 < 0,4) (s): ITT: 427 ± 174, as treated: 445 ± 190 |
Nevill et al.32 | DCC at 50 | DCC at 50 | 5% Received ECC | 9% Received ECC | CPAP (25%), IPPV (60%,) intubation (16%), chest compression (5%), adrenalin (0%) | CPAP (30%), IPPV (45%), intubation (21%), chest compression (12.5%), adrenalin (3.6%) | 1 Case (1.8%) wrong intervention received | No increase in the number of spontaneously breathing infants in the intervention vs. control group at 60 s | ||
Raina et al.34 | DCC at least 180 s or when the neonate exhibited spontaneous breathing whichever was later with a maximum of 5 min; 180 [180–180] | ECC < 30; 20 [15–20] | 24% Received CC < 180 s | None | PPV (100%), intubation (7%), chest compression (0%), adrenalin (0%) | PPV (100%), intubation (8.8%), chest compression (2.2%), adrenalin (1.1%) | None | None | All | None |
