Fig. 10 | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

Fig. 10

From: Evolving understanding of autoimmune mechanisms and new therapeutic strategies of autoimmune disorders

Fig. 10

The flowchart of LNP-mRNA and plasmid-DNA vaccines for autoimmune diseases. The encoding of autoantigen is designed by protein and gene databases. DNA sequence fragments encoding the target antigen peptides are inserted into the plasmid vector to synthesize the recombinant plasmids. These plasmids can be used as DNA vaccines after quality control (QC) and purification. Plasmid DNA is transcribed into mRNA by incorporation of the modified bases. Therapeutic mRNA contains 5’cap, 5’UTR, ORF encoding the target protein/peptides, 3’UTR, and Poly(A) tail. Purified mRNA is mixed with LNP (its components are PEG-Lipids, ionizable lipids, helper lipids, and cholesterol) in a Microfluidic mixer to produce the mRNA-LNP vaccines. (Part of the figure was modified from Servier Medical Art(http://smart.servier.com/), licensed under a Creative Common Attribution 4.0 Generic License. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

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