Fig. 3
Pattern diagram of some typical autoimmune diseases. a Mechanism diagram of MS. Autoreactive T cells enter the CNS through the adhesion molecules on the BBB and trigger local inflammation of the CNS which causes the demyelination reaction and neuronal cell death. b Mechanism diagram of T1D. DCs induce the generation of autoreactive T cells which promote the local inflammation of the pancreas and cause the death of pancreatic β cells which lead to impaired glucose metabolism. c Mechanism diagram of RA. After the activation of induced autoreactive T cells by DCs, various immune cells in the joint cavity begin to execute abnormal programs and fibroblasts will proliferate. The autoreactive antibodies released by B cells can form immune complexes which further expand local inflammation. It ultimately causes the death of osteocytes and osteoarticular injuries. d Mechanism diagram of SLE. It most often involves the kidney, and the pathological change is similar to RA. Immune complexes and complement will deposit in the glomerulus and promote the inflammatory reaction which causes kidney damage finally. e Mechanism diagram of SS. The mechanism of abnormal activation of immune cells is similar to the aforementioned diseases. But it mainly occurs in salivary and lacrimal glands which leads to the epithelial cell death and loss of the function. (Part of the figure was modified from Servier Medical Art(http://smart.servier.com/), licensed under a Creative Common Attribution 4.0 Generic License. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
