Table 2 Summary of agents targeting molecules of pyroptosis in anti-cancer therapeutics

Classification

Drug

Mechanisms

Cancer type

References

Small compound

FL118

NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD

Colorectal cancer

³³⁶

NPs

VB12-sericin-PBLG-IR780

ROS/NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD

Gastric cancer

³⁴⁷

Small compound

AIF

NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD

HCC

³³⁴

antidiabetes drug

Metformin

FOXO3/NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD

HCC

³³⁵

FDA-approved drug

Cisplatin

MEG3/NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD

TNBC

³³⁸

Small compound

A438079

NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway by inhibiting P2X7R

Colorectal cancer

¹⁵³

Small compound

Curcumin

ISG3/AIM2/Caspase-1/GSDMD, ISG3/IFI16/Caspase-1/GSDMD, ISG3/NLRC4/Caspase-1/GSDMD

Acute myeloid leukemia

³⁴⁸

NPs

DNF@LIPO

AIM2/Caspase-1/GSDMD

Breast cancer

³⁵¹

Antimalarial drug

DHA

AIM2/Caspase-3/GSDME

Breast cancer

³⁴⁹

NPs

PLGA porous microspheres

Caspase-3/GSDME

Lung cancer

³⁶³

NPs

T22-PE24-H6 and T22-DITOX-H6

Caspase-3/GSDME

HNSCC

³⁶⁴

NPs

CaNMs

ROS/Caspase-3/GSDME

Breast cancer

³⁵²

NPs

As₂O₃-NPs

Caspase-3/GSDME

HCC

³⁶⁵

Small compound

Triptolide

Caspase-3/GSDME

Head and neck cancer

³⁵⁵

Small compound

Gambogic acid

Caspase-3/GSDME

Colorectal cancer

³⁵⁶

Small compound

Miltirone

ROS/Bax/Caspase-3/GSDME

HCC

³⁵⁷

Small compound

Tetraarsenic hexoxide

ROS/Caspase-3/GSDME

TNBC

³⁵⁸

FDA-approved drug

Cisplatin and paclitaxel

Caspase-3/GSDME

Lung cancer

¹⁰⁵

Chinese medicine

Cordyceps militaris extract

Caspase-3/GSDME

Lung cancer

³⁶²

Small compound

Nitidine chloride

Caspase-3/GSDME pathway by suppressing PI3K/Akt pathway

Lung cancer

³⁵⁹

FDA-approved drug

Sorafenib

Caspase-1/GSDMD

HCC

³⁷⁴

NPs

A hydrogel-based delivery system carrying calcium chelator

GSDMD

Breast cancer, melanoma, and ovarian cancer

³⁷⁸

NPs

Sf9/rBac system and Cre/lox system

GSDMD

Glioblastoma, breast cancer and TNBC

³⁷⁹

Oncolytic virus

ORFV

GSDME

Melanoma

³⁸⁰