Table 2 Dual regulation of different TRICs in cancer immunity
From: Tissue-resident immune cells: from defining characteristics to roles in diseases
Cell name | Cancer type | Phenotypic marker | The impact on tumor | Mechanism | Clinical response | Prognostic value | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CD8+TRM cell | Melanoma | CD103, CD69, PD-1 | Suppress tumor growth | CD8+TRM cells interplay with circulating memory T cells and amplify the anti-tumor immune response | \ | Positive | |
CD103, CD69, CD8A | Suppress tumor growth and maintain the immune equilibrium | CD8+TRM cells produce IFN-γ, TNF-α, and secret GZMB and perforin | \ | Positive | |||
NSCLC | CD103, PD-1, TIM-3, CTLA-4 | Kill tumor cells and magnify the cytotoxic anti-tumor immune responses | CD8+TRM cells promote the intra-tumoral CTL responses and increase the intraepithelial lymphocyte infiltration | The high density of these TRM cells is positively correlated with patient prognosis (DFS and OS) | Positive | ||
CD103, CD69, CD38, CD39, CD107a, CXCR6, PD-1, CTLA-4, TIM-3 | Kill tumor cells and magnify the cytotoxic anti-tumor immune responses | CD8+TRM cells upregulate the expression of CD107a and produce IFN-γ, TNF-α, and secret GZMB and perforin. | The high density of these TRM cells is positively correlated with better long-term survival outcomes for patients | Positive | |||
BC | CD103, CD69, TIM-3, PD-1, CTLA-4, LAG-3, TIGIT | Kill tumor cells and maintain immunosurveillance | CD8+TRM cells produce IFN-γ and TNF-α | The gene signatures of TRM cells are positively correlated with improved patient survival | Positive | ||
Luminal-like BC | CD39, CD69, CD103, HLA-DR, TIGIT | Enhance degranulation capacity and magnify the cytotoxic anti-tumor immune responses | CD8+TRM cells produce IFN-γ and TNF-α | The expression of CD103 and/or CD39 of TRM cells is positively correlated with better prognosis (OS) | Positive | ||
TNBC | CD103, CD69, TIM-3, PD-1, CTLA-4, LAG-3 | Kill tumor cells and make responses to ICB therapies (anti-PD-1 and/or anti-CTLA-4 therapy) | The number of CD8+TRM cells increases, and they produce IFN-γ and TNF-α | \ | Positive | ||
HNSCC | CD103, CD39, CTLA-4, PD-1, TIGIT, TNFRSF9 | Kill tumor cells and magnify the cytotoxic anti-tumor immune responses | CD8+TRM cells produce IFN-γ | The percentage of TRM cells is positively correlated with patient survival (OS) | Positive | ||
HGSC | CD103, CD69, PD-1, HLA-DR, Ki67, TIM-3, LAG-3, CTLA-4 | Suppress tumor growth and magnify the cytotoxic anti-tumor immune responses | \ | The existence of TRM cells in patients is correlated with increased HGSC-specific survival | Positive | ||
Cervical cancer | CD103, CD69, HLA-DR, PD-1, CTLA-4 | Promote the identification of intraepithelial CD8+TIL in cervical cancer and serve as a biomarker for HPV16 E6/E7 targeted therapy | \ | The infiltration level of TRM cells is positively correlated with patient prognosis (DSS and DFS) | Positive | ||
cSCC | CD103, CD39, CTLA-4, PD-1 | Promote tumor metastasis and deactivate anti-tumor immune response | CD8+TRM cells upregulate the expression of immunosuppressive molecules (PD-1 and CTLA-4) and produce IL-10 | The frequency of CD8+TRM cells is negatively correlated with patient survival (5-year DSS) | Negative | ||
HCC | CD103, CD39, PD-1, CTLA-4, TIM-3, LAG-3, TIGIT | Kill tumor cells and magnify the cytotoxic anti-tumor immune responses | The number of CD8+TRM cells increases, and they produce IFN-γ and TNF-α | The high density of these TRM cells is positively correlated with patient prognosis (OS) | Positive | ||
ICC | CD103, CD39, PD-1, CTLA-4, TIM-3, LAG-3, TIGIT | Kill tumor cells and magnify the cytotoxic anti-tumor immune responses | The number of CD8+TRM cells increases, and they produce IFN-γ and TNF-α | The high density of these TRM cells is negatively correlated with the advanced pathological stage | Positive | ||
CD103, CD69, CD39, CD38, HLA-DR | Magnify the cytotoxic anti-tumor immune responses and make responses to ICB therapies (anti-PD-1 therapy) | The number of CD8+TRM cells increases, and they produce IFN-γ and TNF-α | \ | Positive | |||
ccRCC | CD103 | Deactivate anti-tumor immune response | \ | The high density of these TRM cells is negatively correlated with patient prognosis (OS) | Negative | ||
Tissue-resident Vδ1+γδT cell | TNBC | CD69, CD107a, NKG2D | Magnify the cytotoxic anti-tumor immune responses and promote tumor remission | Vδ1+γδT cells produce IFN-γ and TNF-α | The high density of these Vδ1 + γδ cells is positively correlated with patient prognosis (PFS and OS) | Positive | |
NSCLC | CD103, CD69, CXCR6, NKG2D | Kill tumor cells and maintain immunosurveillance | Vδ1+γδT cells produce IFN-γ, TNF-α, and secret GZMB and perforin | The high density of these Vδ1+γδ cells is positively correlated with patient prognosis (RFS) | Positive | ||
CRC | CD69, CD57, CD56, NKG2D | Suppress tumor progression and metastasis | Vδ1+γδT cells produce IFN-γ, TNF, and X-C motif chemokine ligand 2 | The high density of these Vδ1+γδ cells is positively correlated with patient prognosis (OS) | Positive | ||
Tissue-resident Vγ9Vδ2 TRM cell | HCC | CD103, CD69, CD49a, CXCR3, CXCR6 | Kill tumor cells and magnify the cytotoxic anti-tumor immune responses | Vγ9Vδ2 TRM cells produce IFN-γ, IL-2 and secret GZMB | \ | Positive | |
Tissue-resident iNKT cell | CRC | CXCR3, NK1.1 | Kill tumor cells and magnify the cytotoxic anti-tumor immune responses | iNKT cells produce IFN-γ, TNF-α, and secret GZMB and perforin | \ | Positive | |
Tissue-resident iNKT17 cell | Metastatic liver cancer | CD45 | Promote tumor metastasis | IL-22 induced by iNKT17 acts on endothelial cells, which increases their permeability and promotes the cancer cell extravasation into the liver parenchyma | \ | Negative | |
Tissue-resident MAIT cell | HCC | CD95, PD-1, CTLA-4, TIM-3 | Promote tumor progression | MAIT cells reduce the production of Th1 cytokines and cytotoxic molecules, but they upregulate the production of tumor-promoting cytokines and the expression of inhibitory molecules | The high density of these MAIT cells is negatively correlated with patient prognosis (OS and RFS) | Negative | |
FOXP3, CXCR3 | Promote tumor progression | MAIT cells reduce the production of Th1 cytokines and express characteristics related to Tregs | \ | Negative | |||
Melanoma | CD69 | Promote tumor metastasis | MAIT cells suppress the activation of NK cells | \ | Negative | ||
CCA | CD69, DNAM-1 | Suppress tumor growth and metastasis | Activated MAIT cells enhance the anti-tumor function of NK cells | \ | Positive | ||
trNK cell | Lung cancer | CD27, CD94, CXCR3 | Suppress tumor growth | trNK cells control tumor growth in an IFN-γ ‐dependent manner | \ | Positive | |
HCC | CD49a, PD-1, CD96, TIGIT, CXCR6 | Promote the development of HCC | \ | The percentage of trNK cells is negatively correlated with patient survival (OS and DFS) | Negative | ||
Ovarian cancer | CD49a, NKG2A | Exert anti-tumor activity | \ | \ | Positive | ||
Tissue-resident ILC1 | BC | CD49a, CD103 | Suppress tumor growth and enhance cancer immunosurveillance | Resident ILC1s produce IFN-γ, TNF-α, and secret granzyme B | \ | Positive | |
Tissue-resident macrophages | NSCLC | CD169, MARCO, HLA-DR, CD43 | Promote tumor growth and invasion | Tissue-resident macrophages promote the EMT and facilitate the suppressive immune response | \ | Negative | |
Ovarian cancer | CD163, TIM4 | Promote tumor progression and metastasis | Tissue-resident macrophages promote the EMT | \ | Negative | ||
BC | FOLR2, HLA-DR, CD14 | Magnify the cytotoxic anti-tumor immune responses | Tissue-resident macrophages interact with CD8+T cells through the PD-1 signaling pathway | The high density of tissue-resident macrophages is positively correlated with patient prognosis (OS) | Positive | ||
PDAC | CX3R1, CXCR4, CD64, CD115, PD-1, PD-L1 | Promote tumor progression and pancreas fibrosis | \ | \ | Negative | ||
Metastatic liver cancer | TIM4, CLEC4F | Exert anti-tumor activity | Kupffer cells phagocyte tumor cells and recruit effector lymphocytes by producing various chemokines and cytokines | \ | Positive |
