Table 3 Clinical trials targeting metal ions in neurodegenerative diseases
From: Homeostasis and metabolism of iron and other metal ions in neurodegenerative diseases
Agents | Trial identifier | Action mechanism | Output | Disease | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DFO (intramuscular) | / | Iron chelation | Reduction in the rate of decline of daily living skills with 125 mg twice daily, 5 days per week | AD | |
DFP (oral) | NCT00943748 | Iron chelation | Three points on the UPDRS part III scale compared with placebo at 30 mg/kg/day | PD | |
NCT02655315 | Iron chelation | Worse scores in measures of parkinsonism than those with a placebo over a period of 36 weeks. | PD | ||
NCT01539837 | Iron chelation | A trend for improvement in motor-UPDRS scores and quality of life; Cognitive function and mood were not improved. | PD | ||
NCT03234686 | Iron chelation | Underway, outcomes include performance on a neuropsychological test battery and brain iron levels as measured by MRI. | AD | ||
NCT 00868166 | Iron chelation | Two points on the ALSFRS-R scale at 30 mg/kg/day | ALS | ||
Curcumin | NCT04149639 NCT01716637 NCT01001637 NCT00164749 NCT00099710 | Iron chelation | No significant differences in changes in cognitive function was found between the placebo and curcumin groups | AD | |
PBT2 | NCT01590888 | Copper/zinc/ iron chelation | The Trail Making Test Part B score was improved in the PBT2 250 mg group; No significantly improved cognition on the other tests | HD | |
NCT00471211 | Copper/zinc/iron chelation | Marked improvement on putative biomarkers for AD in CSF but not in plasma; Executive function | AD | ||
NCT00471211 | Copper/zinc/iron chelation | An improver from the PBT2 250 mg group for Composite z-scores, Executive Factor z-scores, and near-significant for the ADAS-cog | AD | ||
GSH (intranasally) | NCT02424708 | GSH Increase | The improvement in the placebo arm was more robust than has been observed in previous PD studies | PD | |
NAc (oral) | NCT02445651 | GSH Increase | UPDRS scores were also significantly improved | PD | |
CuII(atsm) | NCT04082832 | Copper chelation | No significant alleviation in neuronal pathology or astrogliosis in patients | ALS | |
NCT02870634 | Copper chelation | Disease severity and cognitive function relative to historical controls were improved in both phase 1 and phase 2a cohorts. | ALS |
