Table 3 Clinical studies on acute and chronic liver disease treatment
From: Liver diseases: epidemiology, causes, trends and predictions
Disease category | Therapy | Clinical efficacy | Quality of evidence | Application stage | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acute liver disease | |||||
Acute HAV | Steroid | Enhance survive rate and recovery time | Cohort study | FDA approval | |
Acute HBV | Lamivudine Entecavir | Improve condition and prognosis Better than lamivudine | RCT Cohort study | FDA approval FDA approval | |
Acute HCV | Grazoprevir/elbasvir Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir | Improvement in acute HCV genotype 1 or 4 Improve clinical symptoms of HIV-HCV co-infection | Cohort study Cohort study | FDA approval FDA approval | |
Acute HEV | Ribavirin | Improvement in recovery time | Cohort study | FDA approval | |
DILI | NAC | Exhibit higher redox thiol response | Cohort study | FDA approval | |
ALD | Pentoxifylline Corticosteroids TNF-α inhibitors | Reduces short-term risk of death Reduces short-term risk of death Improves inflammation but increases the risk of infection | Meta-analysis Meta-analysis RCT | Phase 3 FDA approval FDA approval | |
Chronic liver disease | |||||
Chronic HBV | Vebicorvir TAF PD-1 inhibitors ARC-520 | Better viral suppression than NrtI Improved bone and renal safety without a loss of efficacy compared with TDF Restoration of HBsAg-specific B cells Decrease HBsAg and HBV DNA levels | RCT RCT Cohort study RCT | FDA approval FDA approval Phase 3 Phase 2 | |
Chronic HCV | Glecaprevir/pibrentasvir | Highly efficacious and well tolerated in patients with HCV genotype 1 | Cohort study | FDA approval | |
Chronic HDV | Bulevirtide/TAF Peginterferon alfa-2a/TDF | Reduces HDV RNA but requires long-term use Combination therapy does not enhance efficacy | RCT RCT | Phase 3 Phase 3 | |
ALD | Corticosteroids/nutritional support | Hospitalized patients with hepatitis have a benefit in mortality with adequate oral intake | RCT | FDA approval | |
MASLD | Saroglitazar Resmetirom | Improve liver function and reduce dyslipidemia Reduce inflammation, improve liver lipid accumulation, and reduce liver fibrosis | RCT RCT | Phase 2 FDA approval | |
AIH | Budesonide | Less effective than prednisone, but with fewer side effects | Cohort study | FDA approval | |
PSC | Obeticholic acid | Improvement in liver damage observed during 2-year monitoring | RCT | FDA approval | |
End-stage liver disease | |||||
Cirrhosis | Pegbelfermin Aldafermin MSC | Improve MASH-related fibrosis and compensated cirrhosis Improve liver fibrosis in compensated cirrhosis patients Enhances long-term survival and liver function in patients with HBV-related decompensated cirrhosis | RCT RCT RCT | Phase 3 Phase 2 | |
Liver failure | HRX215 | Promote liver regeneration and prevent liver failure Reduce the mortality rate in these patients | Cohort study | Phase 1 | |
HCC | Camrelizumab/rivoceranib Sintilimab Lenvatinib/TACE Atezolizumab/bevacizumab | Better progression-free survival and overall survival for unresectable HCC Prolong recurrence-free survival than active surveillance Prolong overall survival for advanced HCC Prolong recurrence-free survival | RCT RCT RCT RCT | Phase 3 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 3 | |
