Fig. 4

Therapeutic strategies targeting cancer metastasis. These strategies range from directly and precisely attacking metastatic cancer cells to delicately modulating the intricate TME, and further encompass personalized treatment plans for specific organ metastases. Specifically, these strategies integrate chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, local therapy, and combined therapy to achieve precise elimination of cancer cells. Additionally, anti-angiogenic therapy, targeting the ECM and tumor-associated cells, and regulating tumor metabolic mechanisms indirectly impact the TME, ultimately providing a more precise therapeutic approach for cancer metastasis