Fig. 10 | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

Fig. 10

From: Vascular endothelial growth factor signaling in health and disease: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic perspectives

Fig. 10

Mechanisms of action of anti-VEGF/VEGFR therapies in combination therapy. In the tumor microenvironment (TME), the mechanisms of action of anti-VEGF/VEGFR therapies combined with chemotherapy or immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) include reducing angiogenicity of vessels for tumor inhibition, inducing vessel normalization for better chemo-drug or immune cell delivery, directly inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, increasing anti-endothelial cell effect of chemotherapy, and modulating immune cells for better dendritic cell (DC) differentiation and T-cell activation. Outside the TME, the anti-VEGF/VEGFR therapies may reduce chemotoxicity and improve cancer-associated systemic syndromes, thereby improving therapeutic efficacy. Created in BioRendender.com

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