Fig. 1

Identification of the consensus molecular subtypes of esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. a Schematic workflow for subtype classification of the SXM-I cohort using eight ESCC subtyping systems. b Network illustrating the interconnections between 25 subtypes of the eight existing taxonomies. Each node represents a subtype colored according to the corresponding classification system, with the size proportional to the sample size. Edge width denotes the association between two subtypes, quantified by consensus frequency. Four consensus subtypes (ECMS1–4) were identified via the Markov cluster algorithm. (CNV1–3: CNV-based subtypes 1–3 from Du et al.; NMF1–3: SNV-based subtypes 1–3 from Cui et al.; CU1–3: transcriptome-based subtypes 1–3 from Liu et al.; Subtypes 1–2: transcriptome-based subtypes 1–2 from Wang et al.; Oncotargets 1–4: transcriptome-based subtypes 1–4 from Xiong et al.; TCGA1–2: transcriptome-based subtypes 1–2 from TCGA-ESCC; MESCC1–4: Multiomics subtypes 1–4 from our study. COCA1-4: Multiomics subtypes 1–4 from COCA.)