Table 2 Baseline characteristics of participants included in the study with data on cognitive function measures and neuroimaging outcomes, stratified by history of common infections.
Characteristics | Cohort with cognitive function measures (N = 16,728) | Cohort with neuroimaging measures (N = 14,712) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
No infection (N = 13,757) | Any infection (N = 2971) | No infection (N = 12,277) | Any infection (N = 2,435) | |
Mean age at baseline assessment (years) | 55.4 (7.5) | 56.4 (7.4) | 54.7 (7.5) | 55.5 (7.5) |
Median age at baseline assessment (years) | 56.0 (49.0–61.0) | 57.0 (51.0–62.0) | 55.0 (49.0–61.0) | 56.0 (49.0–61.0) |
Age category (years) | ||||
40–44 | 1415 (10.3%) | 235 (7.9%) | 1442 (11.7%) | 238 (9.8%) |
45–49 | 2054 (14.9%) | 404 (13.6%) | 1963 (16.0%) | 373 (15.3%) |
50–54 | 2410 (17.5%) | 477 (16.1%) | 2365 (19.3%) | 416 (17.1%) |
55–59 | 3056 (22.2%) | 665 (22.4%) | 2716 (22.1%) | 551 (22.6%) |
60–64 | 3279 (23.8%) | 769 (25.9%) | 2648 (21.6%) | 583 (23.9%) |
65+ | 1543 (11.2%) | 421 (14.2%) | 1143 (9.3%) | 274 (11.3%) |
Women | 6856 (49.8%) | 1720 (57.9%) | 6318 (51.5%) | 1463 (60.1%) |
Ethnicity | ||||
White European | 13,417 (97.5%) | 2906 (97.8%) | 11,910 (97.0%) | 2365 (97.1%) |
South Asian | 90 (0.7%) | 20 (0.7%) | 110 (0.9%) | 25 (1.0%) |
African or Caribbean | 59 (0.4%) | 17 (0.6%) | 61 (0.5%) | 15 (0.6%) |
Mixed or Other | 155 (1.1%) | 22 (0.7%) | 158 (1.3%) | 27 (1.1%) |
Missing | 36 (0.3%) | 6 (0.2%) | 38 (0.3%) | <5 |
Diabetes category | ||||
No diabetes | 12,229 (88.9%) | 2533 (85.3%) | 11,062 (90.1%) | 2141 (87.9%) |
Pre-diabetes | 276 (2.0%) | 94 (3.2%) | 220 (1.8%) | 59 (2.4%) |
Undiagnosed diabetes | 891 (6.5%) | 213 (7.2%) | 721 (5.9%) | 163 (6.7%) |
Controlled diabetes | 267 (1.9%) | 95 (3.2%) | 205 (1.7%) | 51 (2.1%) |
Uncontrolled diabetes | 94 (0.7%) | 36 (1.2%) | 69 (0.6%) | 21 (0.9%) |
Educational attainment (years in full-time education) | 16.7 (4.3) | 16.2 (4.5) | 16.9 (4.3) | 16.2 (4.5) |
Baseline BMI (mean) | 26.6 (4.2) | 27.5 (4.9) | 26.4 (4.1) | 27.1 (4.6) |
Townsend deprivation score (mean) | −2.2 (2.5) | −2.1 (2.5) | −2.1 (2.6) | −2.0 (2.6) |
Baseline number of days/week moderate physical activity >10 min | 3.0 (2.0–5.0) | 3.0 (2.0–5.0) | 3.0 (2.0–5.0) | 3.0 (2.0–5.0) |
Smoking status | ||||
Never Smoker | 9994 (72.6%) | 2066 (69.5%) | 8989 (73.2%) | 1681 (69.0%) |
Ex-Smoker | 2931 (21.3%) | 719 (24.2%) | 2548 (20.8%) | 590 (24.2%) |
Current smoker | 820 (6.0%) | 181 (6.1%) | 729 (5.9%) | 160 (6.6%) |
Missing | 12 (0.1%) | 5 (0.2%) | 11 (0.1%) | <5 |
Baseline alcohol intake frequency | ||||
Rarely or never | 1752 (12.7%) | 440 (14.8%) | 1510 (12.3%) | 350 (14.4%) |
1–8 times per month | 5036 (36.6%) | 1123 (37.8%) | 4497 (36.6%) | 902 (37.0%) |
16 times per month-every day | 6968 (50.7%) | 1406 (47.3%) | 6266 (51.0%) | 1181 (48.5%) |
Missing | <5 | <5 | <5 | <5 |
Comorbidities | ||||
Anxiety and depression | 1494 (10.9%) | 474 (16.0%) | 1262 (10.3%) | 398 (16.3%) |
Severe mental illness | 149 (1.1%) | 38 (1.3%) | 126 (1.0%) | 29 (1.2%) |
Inflammatory bowel disease | 519 (3.8%) | 189 (6.4%) | 462 (3.8%) | 149 (6.1%) |
Multiple Sclerosis | 34 (0.2%) | 17 (0.6%) | 30 (0.2%) | 11 (0.5%) |
Rheumatoid Arthritis | 112 (0.8%) | 43 (1.4%) | 94 (0.8%) | 32 (1.3%) |
Psoriasis | 362 (2.6%) | 98 (3.3%) | 319 (2.6%) | 83 (3.4%) |
Asthma | 1511 (11.0%) | 588 (19.8%) | 1380 (11.2%) | 455 (18.7%) |
Chronic kidney disease | 112 (0.8%) | 29 (1.0%) | 100 (0.8%) | 19 (0.8%) |
Chronic liver disease | 359 (2.6%) | 120 (4.0%) | 249 (2.0%) | 79 (3.2%) |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 44 (0.3%) | 70 (2.4%) | 28 (0.2%) | 47 (1.9%) |
Heart failure | 143 (1.0%) | 65 (2.2%) | 113 (0.9%) | 36 (1.5%) |
Hypertension | 2020 (14.7%) | 593 (20.0%) | 1574 (12.8%) | 408 (16.8%) |
Obstructive sleep apnoea | 86 (0.6%) | 40 (1.3%) | 77 (0.6%) | 20 (0.8%) |
Stroke | 88 (0.6%) | 28 (0.9%) | 58 (0.5%) | 22 (0.9%) |
Traumatic brain injury | 88 (0.6%) | 30 (1.0%) | 67 (0.5%) | 25 (1.0%) |
