Table 5 Results of multiple linear regression analyses regarding the association between ghrelin serum levels and CTS scores reflecting the intensity of childhood abuse.

From: Childhood sexual abuse is associated with higher total ghrelin serum levels in adulthood: results from a large, population-based study

Variables

Sample

Regression coefficient β (95% CI)

stand. ß

t

p-value

CTS sum scorea

Totalb

2.652 (−7.024; 12.33)

0.016

0.538

0.591

Malesc

−3.110 (−13.45; 7.23)

−0.024

−0.591

0.555

Femalesc

7.674 (−9.830; 25.178)

0.042

0.862

0.389

Severe emotional neglect

Totalb

4.513 (−22.72; 31.75)

0.010

0.325

0.745

Malesc

−12.47 (−39.68; 14.74)

−0.036

−0.900

0.369

Femalesc

24.016 (−29.408; 77.440)

0.042

0.883

0.377

Physical abuse

Totalb

−9.490 (−42.51; 23.53)

−0.016

−0.564

0.573

Malesc

−20.313 (−53.422; 12.797)

−0.048

−1.205

0.229

Femalesc

7.551 (−57.211; 72.312)

0.011

0.229

0.819

Emotional abuse

Totalb

3.950 (−31.45; 39.35)

0.006

0.219

0.827

Malesc

−4.260 (−42.939; 34.419)

−0.009

−0.216

0.829

Femalesc

9.867 (−53.043; 72.778)

0.015

0.308

0.758

Sexual abuse

Totalb

130.011 (65.55; 194.47)

0.114

3.958

<0.001**

Malesc

76.078 (−31.559; 183.716)

0.055

1.388

0.166

Femalesc

145.348 (53.636; 237.060)

0.142

3.115

0.002**

Physical neglect

Totalb

−1.143 (−20.47; 18.18)

−0.004

−0.116

0.908

Malesc

0.911 (−18.127; 19.950)

0.004

0.094

0.925

Femalesc

−6.779 (−45.16; 31.60)

−0.017

−0.347

0.729

  1. Significant findings were marked in bold.
  2. β Regression coefficient, BMI body mass index, CES-D Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale [56, 57], CI confidence interval, CTS Childhood Trauma Screener [29], GAD-7 Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale [58, 59], N/n sample sizes.
  3. +p ≤ 0.10; *p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.01; ***p ≤ 0.001.
  4. aFor computing the CTS sum score, inverse coding of the CTS items 1 and 5 was applied.
  5. bAll multivariate linear regression models have been adjusted for age, gender, alcohol consumption, smoking status (1 = active smoking; 0 = non-smoking), BMI scores, cortisol concentrations, GAD-7 sum scores and CES-D sum scores.
  6. cAll multivariate linear regression models have been adjusted for age, alcohol consumption, smoking status (1 = active smoking; 0 = non-smoking), BMI scores, cortisol concentrations, GAD-7 sum scores and CES-D sum scores.
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