Fig. 1: Blood concentration levels of IL-1β, CRP, MIF, IL-6, Leptin, Ghrelin in the probiotics and placebo groups from baseline to post-intervention (week 4) and follow-up assessment (week 8), and the association between changes in Ghrelin and MIF concentrations to changes in HAMD-17 scores. | Translational Psychiatry

Fig. 1: Blood concentration levels of IL-1β, CRP, MIF, IL-6, Leptin, Ghrelin in the probiotics and placebo groups from baseline to post-intervention (week 4) and follow-up assessment (week 8), and the association between changes in Ghrelin and MIF concentrations to changes in HAMD-17 scores.

From: Examining immune-inflammatory mechanisms of probiotic supplementation in depression: secondary findings from a randomized clinical trial

Fig. 1

Concentration levels in A–F are presented as boxplots of Median [IQR], association in G and H are presented as Pearson’s correlation (solid line) and partial correlation (dotted line) controlled for (age, sex, BMI). In A–F significant group × time interactions are depicted (*p ≤ 0.05). A Trajectory of IL-1β blood concentration levels throughout the study. B Trajectory of CRP concentration levels throughout the study. C Trajectory of MIF concentration levels throughout the study, indicative of a significant increase from post-intervention to follow-up in the probiotics group. D Trajectory of IL-6 concentration levels throughout the study. E Trajectory of leptin concentration levels throughout the study. F Trajectory of ghrelin concentration levels throughout the study, indicative of a significant increase from baseline to post-intervention in the probiotics group. G Association between changes in MIF concentration levels and HAMD-17 scores from post-intervention to follow-up for both study group. Placebo group (Pearson’s correlation: r = 0.27, p = 0.4; partial correlation: r = 0.23, p = 0.55). Probiotics group (Pearson’s correlation: r = −0.06, p = 0.86; partial correlation: r = 0.17, p = 0.64). H Association between changes in ghrelin concentration levels and HAMD-17 scores from baseline to post-intervention for both study group. Placebo group (Pearson’s correlation: r = 0.3, p = 0.22; partial correlation: r = 0.35, p = 0.20). Probiotics group (correlation: r = −0.58, p = 0.03; partial correlation: r = −0.63, p = 0.04).

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