Fig. 4: Effects of BDNF knockdown on N2O-induced addiction, the expression of BDNF and its downstream mediators and DAergic neurons.

A Effects of BDNF knockdown on N2O-induced CPP behaviors in mice (n = 9 / group). B Effect of BDNF knockdown on the expression of VTA’s BDNF mRNA (n = 3 / group). C The schematic of rAAV-hSyn-NLS-Cre-P2A-mCherry microinjection in VTA. D–G Effect of BDNF knockdown on the expression of NAc’s p-Trkb, p-ERK1/2 and p-CREB proteins (n = 3 / group). H, I Effect of BDNF knockdown on exposure of NeuN/c-Fos positive neurons of the NAc (n = 3 / group). Scale bar: 50 μm. J, K Effect of BDNF knockdown on exposure of NeuN/TH positive neurons of the VTA (n = 3 / group). Scale bar: 50 μm. All data are means ± SEM. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ****P < 0.0001.