Table 1 Characteristics of 31 included studies.
Study (year) | Country | Participants (N, age, % women) | Diseases /Condition | Comorbidity | Interventions | Control condition | Study duration | Relevant outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Osali et al. [68] | Iran | N = 22, 60–65 years old, 100% | Metabolic syndrome | NR | Nanocurcumin (80 mg/d) | Placebo | 6 weeks | BDI |
Vyas et al. [52] | United States | N = 720, 65.4 ± 6.5 years old, 44.4% | NR | Medical comorbidity (12.1–14.0%) | Omega-3 PUFA (1 g/d) | Placebo | 2 years | DSM-IV, PHQ-9 |
Ogawa et al. [61] | Japan | N = 60, 65–80 years old, 50% | Healthy | NR | Flaxseed oil (3.7 g/day) containing 2.2 g ALA | Placebo | 12 weeks | GDS |
Berk et al. [57] | Australia | N = 1879, ≥ 65 years old, 66.42% | Depression (CESD ≥ 8) | NR | Aspirin (100 mg/d) | Placebo | 4.7 years | CES-D-10, SF-12 |
Ahmadpanah et al. [53] | Iran | N = 50, 65.6 ± 4.32 years old, 30% | Major depressive disorders (DSMV) | NR | Saffron (60 mg/d) | Sertraline (100 mg daily) | 6 weeks | HDRS |
Rondanelli et al. [63] | Italy | N = 46, 66–95 years old, 100% | Depression (DSMIV) | NR | Omega-3 PUFA (2.5 g/d) | Placebo | 8 weeks | GDS, immunological parameters |
Fields et al. [55] | United States | N = 449, 75.1 (70.1–90.6) years old, 46.5% | Depression (GDS > 5) | With a family history of Alzheimer-like dementia | Celecoxib (200 mg twice/d), naproxen (220 mg twice/d) | Placebo | 2 years | GDS |
Rondanelli et al. [64] | Italy | N = 25, 86 ± 6 years old, 80.0% | Depression (GDS > 5) | MCI | DHA (720 mg/d), tryptophan (95 mg) /d, and melatonin (5 mg/d) | Placebo | 12 weeks | GDS, RAVLT, SF-36 |
Carlsson et al. [54] | United States | N = 35, ≥ 70 years old, 68.3% | Depression (GDS > 5) | hypercholesterolemia | Pravastatin (20 mg/d) | Placebo and tocopherol (400 IU/d) | 6 months | GDS, GHP |
Tajalizadekhoob et al. [65] | Iran | N = 66, ≥ 65 years old, 69.70% | Depression (GDS > 5) | None | Omega-3 PUFA (1 g/d) | Placebo | 6 months | GDS, adverse events |
Sharifan et al. [45] | Iran | N = 180, ≥ 55 years old, 45% | Depression (DSMIV, BDI) | Hypertension, diabetes, heart failure, stroke (11.7–50.0%) | Caspian white fish marinated with EOPF (434 g/week) | Common diet | 6 months | BDI, GHQ |
Tetsunaga et al. [46] | Japan | N = 70, 64 (30–84) years old, 62.86% | Depression (SDS) | Low back pain | Celecoxib (200 mg/d) | Tramadol acetaminophen (2 tablets/d) | 8 weeks | SDS, NRS, PDAS, HADS, PCS |
Ma et al. [47] | China | N = 55, 61 ± 11 years old, 32.73% | Depression (HADS) | Coronary artery disease | Xinkeshu (4 tablets, three times/d) | Placebo | 12 weeks | HADS, PHQ-9 |
Chang et al. [48] | China | N = 59, 61.5 ± 9 years old, 36% | Major depressive disorders (HDRS) | Cardiovascular diseases | Omega-3 PUFA (3 g/d) | Placebo | 12 weeks | HDRS, BDI, |
Okereke et al. [62] | United States | N = 10,547, 67.5 ± 7.1 years old, 49.2% | NR | NR | Omega-3 PUFA (1 g/d) and vitamin D3 (2000 IU/d) | Placebo | 5.3 years | PHQ-8 |
Berk et al. [72] | Australia | N = 7252, 75.2 ± 4.0 years old, 56.4% | NR | History of depression (24.16%) | Aspirin (100 mg/d) | Placebo | 4.7 years | CES-D-10, SF-12 |
Tofler et al. [56] | Australia | N = 85, 66.1 ± 9.4 years old, 70.59% | Bereavement | History of hypertension, depression, anxiety et al. (9–48%) | Metoprolol (25 mg/d) and aspirin (100 mg/d) | Placebo | 6 months | CES-D, STAI, CBI-17 |
Bourdel-Marchasson et al. [69] | France | N = 125, 70.4 ± 3.9 years old, 53.6% | None | None | Native® Argan oil (25 mL/d) | Healthy Diet | 2 months | CES-D, STAI, SF-36 |
Maltais et al. [88] | France | N = 807, 75.3 ± 4.4 years old, 65% | Memory complaints | NR | Omega-3 PUFA (1 g/d) and lifestyle intervention | Placebo | 3 years | GDS |
Hashimoto et al. [60] | Japan | N = 75, 88.5 ± 0.6 years old, 86.67% | NR | NR | DHA (1720 mg/d), EPA (410 mg/d) | Placebo | 12 months | SDS |
Kok et al. [89] | Netherlands | N = 404, 68.4 (62.2–75.9) years old, 21.96% | NR | Preexisting medical conditions (0.2–34.6%) | Dexamethasone (1 mg/kg body weight) | Placebo | 1.5 years | BDI, SF-36, SRIP |
Duffy et al. [58] | Australia | N = 51, 72.2 ± 4.1 years old, 37.25% | NR | MCI diagnosis (14–16%), history of depression (4–9%) | Omega-3 PUFA (1 g/d) | Placebo | 12 weeks | PHQ-9 |
Iyengar et al. [49] | United States | N = 1497, 61 (52–69) years old, 68% | NR | Medical conditions (0–52%), Medications (0–62%) | Ibuprofen (800 mg, 3 times/d), naproxen (500 mg, twice /d), celebrex (200 mg/d) | Placebo | 6 weeks | PHQ-9 |
Sinn et al. [67] | Australia | N = 50, ≥ 65 years old, 32% | MCI | Diabetes (14%) | EPA (1.67 g EPA + 0.16 g DHA/d), DHA (1.55 g DHA + 0.40 g EPA/d) | Linoleic acid (2.2 g/d) | 6 months | GDS, SF-36, RAVLT |
Giltay et al. [44] | Netherlands | N = 2037, 69 ± 5.5 years old, 19.8% | Myocardial infarction | Diabetes (18.1–20.3%), history of stroke (5.9–7.1%) | EPA + DHA (400 mg/d) | Placebo | 40 months | GDS |
Jean-Pierre et al. [50] | United States | N = 616, 61(18–90) years old, 67% | Cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy | NR | Modafinil (200 mg/d) | Placebo | NR | BFI-3, ESS, CESD, POMS-DD |
Rest et al. [66] | Netherlands | N = 202, 70 ± 3.4 years old, 45% | NR | NR | EPA + DHA (1800 mg/d, 400 mg/d) | Placebo | 26 weeks | CESD, GDS, HADS |
Freund-Levi et al. [59] | Sweden | N = 178, 74 ± 9 years old, 51.7% | Alzheimer’s disease | NR | EPA (150 mg) and DHA (430 mg), 4 times/d | Placebo | 6 months | MADRS, NPI |
Kok et al. [70] | Netherlands | N = 202, 66.6 ± 4.8 years old, 100% | Postmenopausal women | NR | Soy protein containing genistein (52 mg/d), daidzein (41 mg/d), and glycitein (6 mg/d) | Placebo | 12 months | GDS, SF-36 |
Ness et al. [51] | United Kingdom | N = 452, 61.1 ± 6.7 years old, 0% | Men with angina | NR | Fish dietary | Non-fish dietary | 6 months | Derogatis Stress Profile |
Santanello et al. [71] | United States | N = 431, ≥ 65 years old, 71% | LDL-C ≤ 221 mg/dl, LDL-C ≥ 159 mg/dl | Coronary heart disease (17%) | Lovastatin (20 mg/d, 40 mg/d) | Placebo | 12 months | CESD |
