Fig. 4: Change in confidence with the added information from CSF AD biomarkers in the whole sample.

The diagnostic confidence that cognitive impairment due to AD/Non-AD all significantly increased with a confirmed diagnosis in A AD→AD and D Non-AD→Non-AD; the consistent trend was also observed in patients whose diagnosis changed in B AD→Non-AD and C Non-AD→AD. All changes were increased significantly at p < 0.001. AD Alzheimer’s disease, CSF cerebrospinal fluid.