Fig. 2: Anxiety induction efficacy.
From: Computational mechanisms underlying multi-step planning deficits in methamphetamine use disorder
Top: Boxplots (median and quartiles) for self-reported anxiety ratings across the resistance sensitivity protocol (scale 0–10). Anxiety for iMUDs (n = 40) was higher than HCs (n = 49; F(1,101) = 14.21, p < 0.001, \({\eta }_{p}^{2}=0.12\)), and anxiety increased as a function of inspiratory resistance level (F(1,977) = 710.53, p < 0.001, \({\eta }_{p}^{2}=0.42\); b = 0.644). Bottom: Boxplots for self-reported anxiety (scale 0–10) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI; [35]) State ratings (scale 0-80) from pre- to post-task for runs with and without the breathing resistance. Again, anxiety was generally higher in iMUDs (Fs > 14.39, ps < 0.001) and also increased with resistance level (Fs > 4.50, ps < 0.001). Stars indicate significant differences in post-hoc comparisons between groups at each resistance level (top) or time point (bottom). *p < 0.05,**p < 0.01,***p < 0.001.
