Fig. 2: The exposure to fish water enhances long-term memory formation for the operant conditioning of aerial respiration. | Translational Psychiatry

Fig. 2: The exposure to fish water enhances long-term memory formation for the operant conditioning of aerial respiration.

From: First evidence of an anxiety-like behavior and its pharmacological modulation in a molluscan model organism, Lymnaea stagnalis

Fig. 2

A timeline of the experiment is presented above the data. A Ten naïve snails were exposed to fish water (FW) for 1 h. Three h later, snails were trained with a single 30-min TS (grey circles), and long-term memory (LTM) was tested 24 h post-TS (i.e., MT – black circles). LTM was formed as a significant reduction in the number of attempted pneumostome openings was found. B Ten naïve snails were exposed to artificial PW for 1 h before being trained for 30 min 3 h later (TS - grey circles). Twenty-four hours after training, LTM was tested (MT – black circles). No significant reductions in attempted pneumostome openings were found between TS and MT, suggesting that LTM was not formed. Data are represented as means ± SEM and analyzed with a paired t-test. ****p < 0.0001, ns = not significant as p > 0.05.

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