Fig. 2: Mechanisms of action of antidepressant classes and overview of neurotransmitter receptor groups and immune cells.
From: Modulation of neuroimmune cytokine networks by antidepressants: implications in mood regulation
This figure illustrates the mechanisms by which different classes of antidepressants modulate neurotransmitter activity, as well as an overview of relevant neurotransmitter receptor groups and immune cell interactions. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) inhibit the breakdown of neurotransmitters at nerve terminals, increasing the storage and subsequent release of norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT), thereby enhancing their synaptic activity. Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) prevent the reuptake of NE and 5-HT at the post-synaptic receptors, prolonging their effects. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) specifically inhibit the serotonin transporter (SERT), increasing serotonin levels while sparing norepinephrine transporters and minimizing interaction with peripheral receptors. Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) target both SERT and norepinephrine transporters (NET), increasing the availability of both neurotransmitters in the synapse, with minimal action on peripheral receptors. Created with BioRender.com.
