Fig. 4: Bidirectional neuroimmune communication.
From: Modulation of neuroimmune cytokine networks by antidepressants: implications in mood regulation
This figure illustrates the dynamic cross-talk between the nervous and immune systems, highlighting four primary interaction types: neuronal-neuronal, immune-neuronal, neuronal-immune, and immune-immune. Neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, and cytokines are shown as key chemical messengers facilitating these interactions, while their respective receptors are indicated for each communication pathway. The diagram emphasizes how these systems influence and regulate one another, providing insight into the complex mechanisms underlying neuroimmune modulation. Created with BioRender.com.
