Fig. 5: Broad-spectrum effect of SAA on representative bunyaviruses.

a Dose-dependent antiviral effect of SAA on SFTSV. T-705 was used as a positive control. b The antiviral effect of SAA on SFTSV in VERO cells was detected using indirect immunofluorescence analysis; representative images are shown. Green fluorescence represents the NP protein of the virus and blue fluorescence represents the nucleus of the VERO cells. T-705 was used as a positive control. c IC₅₀ of SAA on SFTSV CEN was detected using FRET. The CEN inhibitor BXA was used as a control. d Interaction between SAA and SFTSV CEN was analyzed by docking. SAA is shown in green, blue sticks indicate amino acids interacting with SAA, and the Mn²⁺ is shown in purple. e SPR assay to determine the affinity between SAA and SFTSV CEN. Data were from once representative experiment. f Molecular dynamics simulations of SAA and SFTSV CEN at 100 ns. g Determination of antiviral activity of SAA against GTV and HRTV by antiviral experiments. T-705 was used as a positive control. h Inhibitory activity of SAA on HTNV CEN, LACV CEN and CCHFV CEN in vitro. BXA was used as a control. i Antiviral activity of SAA against HTNV and CCHFV was determined using RT-qPCR. Data from enzymatic and cellular assays were obtained from at least three independent experiments.