Table 6 Studies using fractal analysis for detection in bony changes in patients having systemic diseases.

From: Decoding dental images: a comprehensive review of fractal analysis

Author(s)

Year

Aim/Objective

Key Findings

Ergun et al. [52]

2008

Case report on HPT

FD improved post-parathyroidectomy

Arsan et al. [81]

2017

FD in TMJ disorders

Lower FD in more severe degeneration

Sahin et al. [62]

2019

FD in MRONJ stages

No significant FD difference overall; only certain ROIs differed

Gulec et al. [58]

2021

Evaluated FD in bruxism

Significant lower FD in condyles of bruxers

Kocak et al. [59]

2021

Condylar FD in malocclusion

FD lower in controls; FA useful in structural assessment

Turkmenoglu et al. [54]

2022

FD in Rheumatoid Arthritis patients

FD lower in condyles of RA patients; useful diagnostic tool

Gunacar et al. [82]

2022

Mandibular changes in psoriasis

FD and morphometric indices useful

Canger et al. [56]

2023

FD in ankylosing spondylitis

Lower FD in AS patients; risk of secondary osteoporosis

Koprucu et al. [61]

2023

MRI vs FD in TMJ perforation

FD varied with MRI subclassifications

Ozturk et al. [53]

2024

Bone changes in thyroid disorders

Lower FD in hyperthyroid; FA detects bone mass changes early

Balkan et al. [55]

2024

FD change post-BTX in bruxism

FD decreased in masseter muscle attachment area

Temur et al. [83]

2024

Jaw changes in children with RHD

FD showed unilateral and bilateral bone metabolism differences