Fig. 2: Cumulative incidence curves showing the progression risk of MM, NHL, or AL amyloidosis in individuals with MGUS, using Aalen–Johansson estimation and considering death as a competing risk.

The individuals were stratified into normal FLC ratio using any reference interval (black), FLC ratio reclassified from abnormal to normal (blue), and abnormal FLC ratio using the revised reference intervals (red). Abbreviations: MGUS monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, FLC free light chain, MM multiple myeloma, NHL non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, AL amyloid light chain .