Fig. 5: CXCL13 + CD8 + T cells accumulate via the CXCL16– CXCR6 axis and trigger the IFNG pathway.

a Bubble chart with a colour scale showing the average expression level and proportion of genes associated with receptors in CXCL13 − CD8 + , CXCL13 + CD8 + , CXCL9 − CD68 + , CXCL9 + CD68+ and CXCL9 − CD68+ cells according to gene expression data for Patient 7. The x-axis indicates the cell type, the y-axis indicates the marker gene, the colour scale indicates the z score of the mean number of positive cells for each marker gene, and the circle size indicates the proportion of positive cells for each marker gene for each type of cell. b, c Bubble chart of genes associated with humoral immunity and regulators in CXCL13 − CD8 + , CXCL13 + CD8 + , CXCL9- CD68 + , CXCL9 + CD68 + , CXCL9 − CD68 + , CD274 − EPCAM + , and CD274 + EPCAM+ cells. d CXCL13 + CD8 + T cells coexpress IFNG, and CXCL9 and CXCL10 expression is found near these cells. e Heatmaps indicating spatial enrichment of the IFN-mediated signalling pathway (log-adjusted P value) and expression levels of CXCL13, CXCL9, and CXCL10 (normalized count). The values below the heatmaps are the Pearson correlation coefficients between expression levels and enrichment of IFN-mediated signalling pathways. f Models of cell‒cell interactions in the tumour environment.