Fig. 2: Mesenchymal stem cell-specific Glul deficiency leads to abnormal bone formation.

A Construction strategies for BMSC-specific Glul-KO (GlulPrx1) mice. B Representative images of Alizarin Red-Alcian Blue double staining of tissues from GlulPrx1 and Glulfl/fl mice(n = 5). C Representative images of Alizarin Red-Alcian Blue double staining of the skull, upper limb, and lower limb from GlulPrx1 and Glulfl/fl mice (n = 5). D Quantitative analysis of Alizarin Red-Alcian Blue double staining. E Representative images of ARS and ALP staining of BMSCs from GlulPrx1 and Glulfl/fl mice. F Quantitative analysis of ARS and ALP staining. G Representative images of ARS and ALP staining of BMSCs from GlulPrx1 and Glulfl/fl mice after treatment with glutamine. H Quantitative analysis of ARS and ALP staining. I Representative micro-CT images of trabecular bone from the femoral metaphysis of GlulPrx1 and Glulfl/fl mice (n = 5). J Quantitative analysis of cancellous bone volume (BV/TV, %), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th). K Quantitative analysis of trabecular number (Tb.N), and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp). L Representative images of VON KOSSA staining (n = 3). M Calcein double-label staining image. N Quantitative analysis of the MAR and BFR/BS in GlulPrx1 and Glulfl/fl mice (n = 3). **P < 0.01 vs. other groups; *P < 0.05 vs. other groups.