Table 1 Pre-clinical research targeting cancer stem cells with mTOR inhibitors in vitro depending upon types of cancers.

From: Targeted therapy of cancer stem cells: inhibition of mTOR in pre-clinical and clinical research

Cancer type	Drug name	Target molecules	Co-treatment	Results	Refs
Bone marrow cancer stem cell	S14161	PI3K, AKT, mTOR	-	Reduction in proportion of SP cells	[113]
Breast cancer stem cell	Metformin	mTOR, AMPK	-	Reduction in number and size of tumor spheres	[87, 88]
	Metformin	mTOR, AMPK	FEC	Decrease of CSC ability	[89]
	Rapamycin	mTORC1	-	Reduction in number of mammospheres Increase in radio-sensitivity of CSCs	[90]
	VS-5584	mTORC1/2, PI3K	-	Reduction in number of tumor spheres Induction of CSC apoptosis	[86]
	VS-5584	mTORC1/2, PI3K	Paclitaxel	Reduction of CSC population	[86]
CNS cancer stem cell	Alpelisib	PI3K, AKT, mTOR	-	Increase in anti-neoplastic effects of CSCs	[103]
	Dactolisib	PI3K, mTOR	-	Reduction in tumorigenicity and proliferation of CSCs Increase in radio-sensitivity of CSCs	[101, 102]
	AZD2014	mTORC1/2	-	Increase in radio-sensitivity of CSCs	[100]
	FC85	AKT, mTOR	ISA27	Induction of CSC apoptosis Reduction of CSC viability Promotion of CSC differentiation	[96]
	Rapamycin	mTORC1	-	Reduction of CSC proliferation	[98, 99]
	Rapamycin	mTORC1	ATRA	Reduction of CSC proliferation	[97]
Colon cancer stem cell	Dactolisib	PI3K, mTOR	-	Reduction of CSC stemness and proliferation	[94]
	Dactolisib	PI3K, mTOR	-	Increase of CSC differentiation	[93]
	PF-04691502	PI3K, mTOR	-	Reduction of CSC proliferation	[95]
	Rapamycin	mTORC1	-	Increase of CSC differentiation	[93]
	Rapamycin	mTORC1	pp242	Reduction in tumor-sphere formation capacity of CSCs	[91, 92]
	Torin-1	mTORC2	-	Reduction in growth, motility, invasion and survival of CSCs	[91]
Liver cancer stem cell	Rapamycin	mTORC1	DAPT	Increase of CSC markers	[104]
Liver cancer stem cell	Temsirolimus	mTORC1	Baicalein	Elimination of dug resistance of CSCs	[105]
Lung cancer stem cell	β-elemene	PI3K, AKT, mTOR	Cisplatin	Induction of CSC apoptosis	[112]
Lung cancer stem cell	Rapamycin	mTORC1	-	Reduction in sphere formation of CSCs	[111]
Ovarian cancer stem cell	Dactolisib	PI3K, mTOR	Cisplatin	Reduction in colony formation ability, EMT, and marker expression of CSCs	[114]
Pancreas cancer stem cell	AZD8055	mTORC1/2	BMS-777607	Reduction of CSC viability	[109]
	Dactolisib	PI3K, mTOR	-	Reduction of tumor growth Decrease in self-renewal capacity, pluripotency factors, and EMT factors of CSCs	[106]
	Rapamycin	mTORC1	-	Reduction in sphere formation and anchorage-independent growth of CSCs	[107]
	Rapamycin	mTORC1	GANT61	Reduction in sphere formation of CSCs	[108]
Salivary gland cancer stem cell	Rapamycin	mTORC1	-	Induction of CSC apoptosis	[115]
Salivary gland cancer stem cell	Temsirolimus	mTORC1	-	Induction of CSC apoptosis	[115]
Smooth muscle cancer stem cell	Dactolisib	PI3K, mTOR	-	Reduction in stemness properties of CSCs	[110]

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Table 1 Pre-clinical research targeting cancer stem cells with mTOR inhibitors in vitro depending upon types of cancers.

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