Table 3 Clinical trials investigating the safety and efficacy of phytochemicals in regulating inflammation and efferocytosis.
From: Phytochemical-mediated efferocytosis and autophagy in inflammation control
NCT number | Phyto chemical | Condition/Disorder (Sample Size) | Dose | Duration | Location | Phase(Status) | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NCT06003270 | Quercetin | COPD (n = 30) | 500 mg/day 1000 mg/day | Six Ms | United States | II (Recruiting) | No Results Posted |
NCT01708278 [152] | Quercetin | COPD (n = 9) | 500, 1000 or 2000 mg/day | One W | United States | 1 (Completed) | -Quercetin was safely tolerated by COPD patients at doses up to 2000 mg per day for 1 week. -No severe adverse events were found related to the quercetin supplementation. -Only mild adverse events (e.g., gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, were observed in the placebo & quercetin groups). |
NCT04851821 | Quercetin | COVID-19 (n = 80) | NA | Ten Ds | Tunisia | 1 (Completed) | No Results Posted |
NCT04377789 | QCB | COVID-19 (n = 447) | 1000 mg quercetin | 2–30 Ds | Turkey | Not Applicable (Completed) | - A greater decrease in CRP & ferritin levels. - A higher increase in platelet & lymphocyte counts. - The QCB group had more advanced pulmonary findings [222]. |
NCT01348204 | Quercetin | CF (n = 32) | NA | NA | United States | II (Completed) | No Results Posted |
NCT00402623 | Quercetin | Sarcoidosis (n = 18) | 1000 mg | 24 Hs | Netherlands | Not Applicable (Completed) | -Improving the total plasma antioxidant capacity. -Reducing markers of oxidative stress (plasma malondialdehyde levels) & inflammation (plasma ratios of TNF-α/IL-10 & IL-8/IL-10) [156]. |
NCT04603690 | Quercetin, curcumin & vitamin D3 | SARS-CoV-2 (n = 50) | 168 mg curcumin, 260 mg quercetin & 360 IU of vitamin D3 | 14 Ds | Pakistan | Not Applicable (Completed) | COVID-19-associated acute symptoms were resolved more quickly in the CUR-QUE group. The CUR-QUE supplementation was well-tolerated, & no treatment-emergent effects or serious adverse events were reported [223]. |
NCT02255370 | Curcumin | Crohn’s disease (n = 61) | 3 g/d | 6 Ms | France | 3 (Completed) | Curcumin was not more effective than placebo in preventing Crohn’s disease recurrence [149]. |
NCT00528151 | Curcumin | LHON (n = 70) | 500 mg/day | 3, 6, & 12 Ms | Thailand | 3 (Completed) | No Results Posted |
NCT03122613 | Curcumin | UC (n = 29) | 2 g/day | 12 Ms | Hong Kong | Not Applicable (Terminated) | No Results Posted |
NCT00815763 | Ginsenoside-Rd | Ischemic Stroke (n = 390) | 20 mg | 14 Ds | China | 3 (Completed) | No Results Posted |
NCT04163757 | Crocin | Type 2 diabetes (n = 50) | NA | 12 Ws | Iran | Not Applicable (Completed) | -Showing improvements in: - Fasting glucose level, HbA1C, Plasma insulin level, Insulin resistance, & Insulin sensitivity. - The active form of AMPK did not change significantly within or between the groups after the intervention [150]. |
NCT05696665 | Apigenin Crocin | Neurodegenerative & Parkinson Disease (n = 120) | 500 mg, 30 mg | NA | Pakistan | Not Applicable (Recruiting) | No Results Posted |
NCT03470376 | Monacolin K, berberine, policosanol 1, astaxanthin, folic acid & CoQ10 | Hypercholesterolemia Inflammation Atherosclerosis (n = 26) | 3, 500, 10, 0.5, 0.2 & 2 mg | 3 Ms | Perugia | 4 (Completed) | - No significant effects were observed for HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, or lipoprotein(a). - The nutraceutical combination treatment was well-tolerated, with no significant alterations in muscle, liver, or immunovirological parameters. -Improving the lipid profile, PCSK9 levels, subclinical inflammation, and arterial stiffness in stable HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy [224]. |
NCT05915117 | Pomegranate | Metabolic Syndrome (n = 60) | 500/mg | 8 Ws | Bosnia & Herzegovina | Not Applicable (Active, not recruiting) | No Results Posted |
NCT01269723 | SFN | Smoking (n = 51) | NA | 21 Ds | United States | Not Applicable (Completed) | -Promise as a safe, low-cost strategy for reducing influenza risk among smokers [225, 226] |
NCT01181830 | PCA | Metabolic Syndrome Family & Diabetes (n = 14) | 8.1 mmol | NA | Italy | 4 (Completed) | -Short-term ingestion of broccoli sprout homogenates can reduce virus-induced inflammation & viral replication in the nasal passages of smokers. -Nutritional antioxidant interventions with BSH have promise as a safe, low-cost strategy for reducing influenza risk among smokers & other high-risk populations [151]. |
NCT02998918 | Purcumin & resveratrol | Inflammation/ Atherosclerosis/ CVD (n = 21) | 500 mg | 1 W | United States | Not Applicable (Completed) | No Results Posted |
NCT01492114 | Resveratrol | Chronic Subclinic Inflammation/ Redox Status (n = 40) | 500 mg | 30 Ds | Italy | 3 (Completed) | No Results Posted |
NCT01637675 | Tanshinone IIA | CVD/ Lung Diseases (n = 90) | 80 mg | 8 Ws | China | 2&3 (Unknown status) | Tanshinones, especially tanshinone I, were identified as cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitors with broad-spectrum antiviral effects [227]. |
NCT05130671 | CQC | Mild Symptoms of COVID-19 (n = 50) | 168 mg curcumin; 260 mg quercetin; 9 µg of cholecalciferol | 2 W | Pakistan | Not Applicable (Completed) | -The CQC adjuvant therapy was safe & well-tolerated, with no treatment-emergent effects or adverse events reported. -The co-supplementation of CQC may have a therapeutic role in the early stage of COVID-19, helping with viral clearance, symptom resolution, & modulation of the inflammatory response [157]. |
