Fig. 2: MSCs regulate adaptive immune cells.
From: Mesenchymal stem cells for lung diseases: focus on immunomodulatory action
i) MSCs inhibit the production of IL-17 and IL-22 by fully differentiated Th17 cells, and increase IL-10 by induced the Tregs phenotype; MSCs promote proresolving mediators protectin D1, resolvin E1 and regulating Treg/Th17 balance; ii) MSCs alter the CCR2-CCL2 and PD-1/PD-L1 axis, reducing T cell infiltration; MSCs inhibit the proliferation of T cells, which is related to the reduction of iNOS expression in MSCs and the phosphorylation of STAT5 in T cells; iii) MSCs inhibit the proliferation and differentiation of B cells into plasma cells and the production of IgM and IgG; iv) MSCs influence the dynamics of B-cell recruitment by inhibiting the chemokine CXCL13; v) MSCs reduce the expression of CD205, TLR9, and CD14 and IRAK-4 expression.
