Log in or create a free account to read this content
Gain free access to this article, as well as selected content from this journal and more on nature.com
or
References
Jeyanathan, M. et al. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 20, 615–632 (2020).
Sadoff, J. et al. N. Engl. J. Med. 384, 1824–1835 (2021).
Xia, S. et al. Lancet Infect. Dis. 21, 39–51 (2021).
Xia, S. et al. JAMA 324, 951–960 (2020).
Scheiermann, C. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 18, 423–437 (2018).
Long, J. E. Vaccine 34, 2679–2685 (2016).
de Bree, L. C. J. et al. J. Clin. Invest. 130, 5603–5617 (2020).
Woodruff, M. C. et al. Nat. Immunol. 21, 1506–1516 (2020).
Dan, J. M. et al. Science 371, eabf4063 (2021).
Druzd, D. et al. Immunity 46, 120–132 (2017).
Acknowledgements
We thank Drs. Ji Wang and Liping Wu for blood sample collection and technical support. This work was supported by The Talent Program of First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University (Y70311). H.Z. was supported by The Hundred Talent Program of Sun Yat-sen University (Y61229).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
H.X. and S.P. supervised the study. H.X., S.P., H.Z. and Y.L. conceived and designed the study. Y.L., Q.Zeng, L.L., M.L. and J.M. collected and processed blood samples. Q.Zeng, M.L. and L.L. performed the experiments and collected data. Q.Zeng and Q.Zhou performed statistical analysis. H.Z., Y.L., D.L., Q.Zeng, L.L. and M.L. drafted the report. H.X., S.P., N.Y., S.M., Q.L. and M.L. made critical revision on the manuscript. All authors contributed to the interpretation of data, and revised the manuscript and approved the final version before submission.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Supplementary information
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhang, H., Liu, Y., Liu, D. et al. Time of day influences immune response to an inactivated vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Cell Res 31, 1215–1217 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41422-021-00541-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41422-021-00541-6
This article is cited by
-
Understanding and improving vaccine efficacy in older adults
Nature Aging (2025)
-
SARS-CoV-2 vaccination during pregnancy enhances offspring hippocampal neurogenesis and working memory via IFN-γ–responsive microglia
Communications Biology (2025)
-
Circadian rhythm regulates the function of immune cells and participates in the development of tumors
Cell Death Discovery (2024)
-
Chrono-tailored drug delivery systems: recent advances and future directions
Drug Delivery and Translational Research (2024)
-
Timing of the infusion of nivolumab for patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus influences its efficacy
Esophagus (2023)