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Hygrothermal degradation mechanism of amine-cured epoxy resin

Polymer Journal (2026)Cite this article

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Abstract

A better understanding of the degradation mechanism of epoxy resins is crucial for the design and fabrication of materials with long-term durability. However, the understanding of this process has remained limited because the contributions of both heat and water must be considered simultaneously. In this study, we investigated the degradation mechanism of an amine-cured epoxy resin under hygrothermal conditions. Although the glass transition temperature (Tg) decreased with increasing hygrothermal aging time, this decrease was independent of the amount of sorbed water, indicating that plasticization was not the dominant factor. Instead, the reduction in the Tg was attributed to a decrease in the cross-linking density arising from C−O bond scission. Importantly, this scission was not based on acid-catalyzed cleavage but on radical-mediated cleavage. This process was induced by thermal decomposition followed by hydrogen donation from sorbed water. The insights obtained here provide molecular-level guidelines for designing epoxy resins with increased durability in hygrothermal environments.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI for Scientific Research (B) (No. 23K26707) to KT, Scientific Research (B) (No. 25K01836) to AS and Scientific Research (B) (No. 25K01825) to DK from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT), Japan, and was in part supported by CERI Proposed Cooperative Research (KT). We are also thankful for the support of the JST-Mirai Program (JPMJMI18A2) (KT).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

    Ko Yamaguchi, Daisuke Kawaguchi & Keiji Tanaka

  2. Department of Automotive Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

    Atsuomi Shundo & Keiji Tanaka

  3. Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute (CERI), Saitama, Japan

    Hironori Taguchi & Takako Kikuchi

  4. Dassault Systèmes K. K., Tokyo, Japan

    Riichi Kuwahara

  5. Center for Polymer Interface and Molecular Adhesion Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

    Satoru Yamamoto, Daisuke Kawaguchi & Keiji Tanaka

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  1. Ko Yamaguchi
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Yamaguchi, K., Shundo, A., Taguchi, H. et al. Hygrothermal degradation mechanism of amine-cured epoxy resin. Polym J (2026). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41428-026-01150-z

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