Table 2 Characteristics of intervention and control groups.
Authors, year, country | Intervention Diet (Details) | Groups | Control (Details) | Dietary adherences, % | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Diet (Type) | More details | Recommendations | ||||
Messier et al. [7], USA | Reduced Energy Diet | Achieve a 5% average weight loss | Aim was to raise awareness regarding the significance of modifying eating habits to reduce caloric intake. | 1-Dietary weight loss plus Exercise 2-Exercise 3-Dietary weight loss 3-Healthy lifestyle (control) | Social interaction and health education on topics concerning osteoarthritis, obesity, and exercise. | 72 |
Clinton et al. [27], USA | Whole Food Plant-Based | No restriction in energy intake. Derive a minimum of 90% of their calories from plant sources. | Using fruits, vegetables, unrefined foods, legumes, and grains, with a strict avoidance of animal products. | 1-Whole Food Plant-Based 2-Control | Usual care | NA |
Dyer et al. [29], UK | Mediterranean Diet | Dietary advice was provided consistent with a Mediterranean diet. | NA | 1-Mediterranean 2-Control | Usual care | 65 |
Strath et al. [32], USA | 1-Low Carbohydrate Diet | 20 g daily total carbohydrate intake, with the option to increase it to 40 g. There were no restrictions on fats or protein (from meats and eggs). | Fruits were restricted, and vegetables were allowed in restricted amounts. | 1-Low Carbohydrate Diet 2-Low Fat Diet (weight loss) 3-Control | Eat as usual Educational documents related to portion control | NA |
2-Low Fat Diet | Males had a daily calorie reduction of 500 kcal, while females had a reduction of 250–300 kcal. 60% of daily calories from carbohydrates, 20% from protein, and 20% from fats. | High in fruits, vegetables, low-fat foods, whole grains, low-fat dairy, and limited cholesterol and saturated fats | ||||
Hsu et al. [8], Taiwan | Reduced Energy Diet | A balanced low-energy diet of 1200 kcal/day | An individualized nutritional plan for each participant was designed | 1- Resistance Exercise Group 2- Resistance Exercise Group plus Diet Control Group 3- Diet Control Group | Resistance Exercise Group | 83 |
Sadeghi et al. [31], Iran | 1-Mediterranean. (28 kcal/kg/day) | 35% from fats, 50% from carbohydrates, and 15% from protein. 27–37 grams/day of fibre, prioritize whole grains, limit red meat to 150 grams/ month. | Patients receive mercury-free fish oil supplements twice a week. Use olive oil for salads and canola oil for frying. The diet includes a daily serving of legumes and nuts, permits low-fat dairy, and recommends drinking six glasses of water each day | 1-Mediterranean 2-Low-fat diet 3-Control | Usual care | lower than 80% were excluded |
2-Low fat diet. (28 kcal/kg/day) | 20% of total daily calories from fats, 65% from carbohydrates, and 15% from protein. | In this dietary pattern, patients did not receive any advice and dietary serving were determined for each patient. | ||||
Dolatkhah et al. [28], Iran | 1-Anti-inflammatory plus Reduced Energy Diet | Fresh fruits and vegetables, constituting two-thirds of the total caloric intake per meal. Protein is derived from plant sources, and fish and low-fat dairy. Carbohydrates are sourced from fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. | Plant-based fats, such as alpha-linolenic acid from flaxseed and walnuts, are encouraged, while trans-fatty acids should be avoided. Olive oil is the preferred cooking oil. Using turmeric, garlic, ginger, and cinnamon. Omega-3 fatty acids can be added to the diet as a supplement. | 1-Anti-inflammatory 2-Reduced Energy Diet | Reduced Energy Diet | 64.8% women reported being adherent every day. 25.9%women reported being adherent most days. 9.3% women reported being adherent sometimes |
2-Reduce Energy Diet | 500 kcal below individual energy requirements. less than 30% of calories from fat, 55–60% from carbohydrates, and 10–15% from protein. | After introducing the diet, each participant received explanations about the food pyramid, the substitution tables, and the role of each food group. | ||||
Wolf et al. [33], USA | Reduced Energy Diet | The modification of eating habits was personalised, taking into account individual lifestyles. | Providing information about dietary fat intake and proper proportions of vegetables | 1-Home-Based Exercise 2-Weight Control Nutritional Programme 3-Home-Based Exercise plus Weight Control Nutritional Programme 4-Usual care | Usual care | NA |
Ghroubi et al. [30], Tunisia | Reduced Energy Diet | Reduction of caloric intake by 25-30% for participants whose habitual food consumption is between 1500-3000 calories | No additional information was provided. | 1-Exercise only 2- Diet plus exercise 3- Diet only 4- Control group | Usual care | NA |
