Table 1 Summary of the demographic factors and microbiological profiles of infectious keratitis in the literature published between 2010 and 2020, categorised into six distinct regions. Only studies that reported more than 500 cases are included.

From: Infectious keratitis: an update on epidemiology, causative microorganisms, risk factors, and antimicrobial resistance

Year	Authors	Study period	Region	Total CS	Age (years)	Female (%)	Positive culture (%)	Organisms^a			Microbiological profiles^b
Year	Authors	Study period	Region	Total CS	Age (years)	Female (%)	Positive culture (%)	B (%)	F (%)	A (%)	Microbiological profiles^b
UK and Europe
2013	Kaye et al. [23]	1995–2010	Liverpool, UK	2418	–	–	35.7	100	0	0	CoNS (26.3); Enterobacteriaceae (15.3); Streptococci (13.9)
2017	Tan et al. [9]	2004–2015	Manchester, UK	4229	45.9	–	32.6	90.6	7.1	2.3	CoNS (24.4); S. aureus (15.1); Streptococci (13.3)
2018	Ting et al. [10]	2008–2017	Sunderland, UK	914	55.9 ± 21.0	52.1	46.1	91.0	4.2	4.8	CoNS (25.9); S. aureus (13.6); Streptococci (12.1)
2019	Tavassoli et al. [24]	2006–2017	Bristol and Bath, UK	2614	47.7 ± 21.2	51.1	38.1	91.6	6.9	1.4	CoNS (36.0); Pseudomonas (15.8); Streptococci (7.0)
2020	Ting et al. [8]	2007–2019	Nottingham, UK	1333	49.9 ± 22.2	49.6	37.7	92.8	3.0	4.2	Pseudomonas (23.6); S. aureus (15.9); Streptococci (13.5)
North America
2017	Tam et al. [25]	2000–2015	Toronto, Canada	2330	41.6 ± 24.0	53	57.3	86.0	4.9	2.2	CoNS (37); P aeruginosa (10); Streptococcus spp. (15)
2018	Peng et al. [26]	1996–2015	San Francisco, US	2203	–	–	23.7	100	0	0	S. aureus (20.1); S. viridans (13.2); Pseudomonas (10.9)
2019	Kowalski et al. [27]^c	1993–2018	Pittsburgh, US	1387	–	–	100	72.1	6.7	5.2	S. aureus (20.3); Pseudomonas (18.0); Streptococci. (8.5)
2020	Asbell et al. [28]^d	2009–2018	US	6091	–	46.8	100	100	0	0	S. aureus (35.9); CoNS (29); H. influenza (13)
South America
2011	Cariello et al. [29]	1975–2007	Brazil	6804	42.1 ± 21.4	40	48.6	78.9	11.0	3.6	CoNS (41.2); S. aureus (33.1); Pseudomonas (18.5)
2013	Marujo et al. [30]	2005–2009	Brazil	2049	45	45	71.6	80.3	7.0	6	Staphylococci (52.5); Corynebacterium (14.3); Streptococci (10.1)
2015	Hernandez-Camarena et al. [31]	2002–2011	Mexico	1638	45	51.4	38.0	88	12	0	S. epidermis (27.4); Pseudomonas (12.1); S. aureus (9.0)
2016	Yu et al. [32]	1975–2010	Brazil	859	–	42.1	40.3	100	0	0	CoNS (23.8); S. aureus (20.9); Pseudomonas (14.2)
Asia
2011	Rautaraya et al. [33]	2006–2009	India	997	–	29.9	74.6	23.4	26.4	1.4	Aspergillus spp. (23.1); Fusarium spp. (19.2); Staphylococci (5.4)
2012	Lin et al. [34]	2006–2009	India	5221	–	–	58	35.7	63.0	1.3	Fusarium spp. (15.5); S. pneumoniae (7.3); Pseudomonas (5.0)
2013	Kaliamurthy et al. [35]	2005–2012	India	2170	45.7 ± 16.6	41.3	77	37.2	22.7	1.0	S. epidermis (44.0); S. aureus (19.5); S. pneumonia (11.6)
2015	Lalitha et al. [36]	2002–2012	India	23,897	–	–	59	24.7	34.3	2.2	Fusarium spp. (14.5); Aspergillus spp. (8.8); S. pneumoniae (7)
2015	Wang et al. [37]	2013–2014	China	1000	–	31.8	53.5	0	100	0	Aspergillus spp. (53.8); Fusarium spp. (19.3)
2016	Hsiao et al. [38]	2003–2012	Taiwan	2012	–	–	49.3	81.1	16	1.1	Pseudomonas (24.4); CoNS (16.6); Propionibacterium (9.1)
2017	Zhang et al. [39]	2006–2015	China	6220	45.3 ± 22.1	40.6	18.2	100	0	0	S. epidermis (29.3); P. aeruginosa (11);
2018	Khor et al. [13]	2012–2014	Asia	6626	46.0	39.2	70.7	38	32.7	–	Fusarium spp. (18.3); Pseudomonas (10.7); Aspergillus flavus (8.3)
2019	Acharya et al. [40]	2015–2017	India	1169	–	–	100	100	0	0	CoNS (46.3); Pseudomonas spp. (16.2); Streptococci (15.5)
2019	Lin et al. [41]	2010–2018	China	7229	–	–	42.8	52.7	57.6	0	CoNS (28.6); Fusarium spp. (23.5); Aspergillus spp. (12.2)
Africa and Middle East
2016	Politis et al. [42]	2002–2014	Israel	943	47.0 ± 25.2	47	47.9	91.8	8.2	0	CoNS (32.8); Pseudomonas (19.3); S. pneumonia (13.0)
Australasia
2019	Cabrera-Aguas et al. [43]	2012–2016	Sydney, Australia	1084	54	48	66	100	0	0	CoNS (45.8); Pseudomonas spp. (12.2); S. aureus (11.7)
2019	Green et al. [21]	2005–2015	Queensland, Australia	3182	53 ± 22.6	47.6	73.6	93.1	6.3	0.6	CoNS (33.9); Pseudomonas spp. (17.7); S. aureus (11.2)

CS corneal scrapes, CoNS coagulase negative staphylococci.
^aBreakdown of organisms; B = Bacteria, F = Fungi, A = Acanthamoeba.
^bThe three most common microorganisms isolated in the study.
^cIncluded all types of ocular infection.
^dIncluded all types of ocular infection but restricted to bacterial infection only.

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Table 1 Summary of the demographic factors and microbiological profiles of infectious keratitis in the literature published between 2010 and 2020, categorised into six distinct regions. Only studies that reported more than 500 cases are included.

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